Paresis

Paresis ( paresis Greek πάρεσις " sagging " ) is synonymous with paralysis. Often the word is used, however restrictive in terms of " incomplete loss of strength ." A complete physical paralysis is also known as paralysis or plegia, a feeling of paralysis - that is, a numbness - as sensory disturbance.

Paresis have their origin mostly in neurological disorders. A distinction is a central and a peripheral paresis paresis.

Central paresis: This affects the first motor neuron, which is located between the motor cortex / brainstem and the spinal cord. An injury typically results in spastic paralysis. Main symptoms are increased muscle tone, enhanced reflexes, pathological reflexes ( Babinskizeichen, pyramidal tract signs ), and disturbances of fine motor skills.

Peripheral paresis: This affects the second motor neuron, which is located between the anterior horn cell in the spinal cord and the muscle. A violation results in a flaccid paralysis. Symptoms are hypotonia, muscle atrophy, weakening or abolition of tendon reflexes and denervation ( fasciculations, fibrillations ).

Molding

Monoparesis

The monoparesis refers to a paralysis of a limb or limbs of a section.

Diparesis

The diparesis refers to a paralysis of two limbs ( arm and leg ) or a couple limbs ( both legs or arms).

Paraparesis

As paraparesis is called the paralysis of both legs (or in animals of the hind legs ), for example, as a symptom of paraplegia when the spinal cord is damaged below a certain height. " Paraplegia " is also used as a synonym for paraplegia, although not only both legs paralyzed.

Hemiparesis

Hemiparesis denotes the incomplete paralysis of one side of the body ( single-side or hemiplegia ). If the side of the body completely paralyzed, one also speaks of hemiplegia. It is caused by a central lesion ( eg stroke ) and typically occurs on the contralateral ( opposite) side of the injury, because the affected nerve pathways to the opposite side and cross the Schädigungsort there is this intersection.

Tetraparese

Quadriplegia refers to a paralysis of all four extremities. A distinction is made between spastic and flaccid quadriplegia. In a flaccid quadriplegia, the muscle tone is reduced ( hypotonic ). Spastic paresis Tetra show increased ( hypertonic ) muscle tone.

Spastic quadriplegia is typically produced by damage to the spinal cord or by a neonatal brain damage. Rare is based on an isolated injury of the pons. Sagging tetra paresis may arise in the course of Guillain -Barré syndrome, for example.

If there is a paralysis already in infancy, is because of the lack of movement possibilities is the risk that secondary, vital stimuli can not be recorded. Frequently thereby persist the infantile reflexes such as the symmetric tonic neck reflex ( STNR ), the tonic labyrinth reflex (TLR ) or the asymmetric tonic neck reflex - ( ATNR ). Sufferers have problems with eye -hand coordination, the merging of both hands and crossing the middle of the body.