Partium

The Partium, derived from the Latin " partium regni Hungariae " ( German: " parts of the Kingdom of Hungary " ), is a geographical collective name for the Central and Eastern Hungarian counties ( counties ) across the Tisza, who arrived in the 16th century under the sovereignty of the princes of Transylvania. Today it belongs to the Partium roughly the territory of the Romanian counties of Maramureş, Satu Mare, Salaj, Bihor and Arad, the Hungarian territories east of the River Tisza.

History

The area of ​​Partium in 1541, after the final occupation of Central Hungary by the Ottoman Empire (now " Hungaria turca " with the administrative center of Ofen (Buda ) ) with the approval of Sultan Suleiman I continue from the Transylvanian " anti-king " to the Habsburgs in Hungary, Johann Zápolya governed. His son John II laid in 1570 pursuant to the Treaty of Speyer with Emperor Maximilian II, King of Hungary Title and called himself now John Sigismund " Transilvaniae et regni partium Hungariae princeps " ( prince of Transylvania and parts of the Kingdom of Hungary). The geographical term Partium was used to distinguish this part of the country from the historic Transylvania, which was formally again until 1867 part of the Kingdom of Hungary.

The former counties that belonged under the Treaty of Speyer (16 August 1570) to Partium were:

  • Máramaros ( Maramures, with the fortress Hust )
  • Bihar ( with the fortress Wardein, 1664 captured from a small northern and eastern part of the Ottomans )
  • Közép -Szolnok (Central Sollnok, with the rule Cseh, part of the later county Szilágy )
  • Kraszna ( later part of the county Szilágy )

Not explicitly mentioned in the Treaty of Speyer, but also part of the Partium were:

  • The rule Kovar ( Kővárvidék ) (at Nagysomkút )
  • The eastern part of the county Zaránd
  • A small eastern portion of the county of Arad (1606-1645 conquered by the Ottomans )
  • The Lugoj - Karansebescher Banat county Krassó - Szörény ( 1664 conquered by the Ottomans )

According to the Austrian conquest of Transylvania and the occupied parts of Hungary from the Ottoman Empire ( sealed by the Treaty of Karlowitz, 1699) were the counties Közép -Szolnok and Kraszna, the district Kovar and the eastern part of the county Zaránd part of the Habsburg principality, from 1765 the Grand Duchy Transylvania.

After the end of the First World War, the area was largely occupied by Romania, to which it formally belongs since the Treaty of Trianon of 1920 (apart from the westernmost edge of the counties Szatmár and Bihar ).

Swell

  • Béla Köpeczi (ed.): Brief History of Transylvania ( " Erdély rövid története " ), Akademie-Verlag, Budapest, 1990, ISBN 963-05-5667-7 (Also available as Online Version)
  • Treaty of Speyer, 1570

Footnotes

  • Hungarian History
Župa Khust Bihar County Arad County (former)
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