Parviz Natel-Khanlari

Parviz Natel - Khanlari (* 1914 in Tehran; † August 1990 in Tehran ) was an Iranian writer, professor of Persian literature at Tehran University, Minister in the Cabinet of Prime Minister Asadollah Alam and Senator in the Iranian Senate. Until the Islamic Revolution, he was head of the Iranian Cultural Institute Bonyad -e Farhang -e Iran. Parviz Natel - Khanlari was married to Zahra Khanlari and had two children.

Early years

Parviz was born in 1914 in Tehran, the only son of an employee of the State Department. His father died when Parviz was 10 years old. Parviz first attended the French school of the Jesuits in Tehran, Alborz High School and then graduated from high school at the Dar -ol Fonun.

From a young age Parviz was interested in Persian literature. He visited the poet Nima Youschidsch and offered him as a typist in to be able to just listen to his latest poems.

Parviz Natel - Khanlari completed his schooling from 1938 with a degree in Iranian literature and began to work after his military service for the Ministry of Education. In addition, he worked as a teacher to supplement his meager income slightly. During this time he published his most famous poem Oghab ( The Eagle ).

1942 Natel Khanlari wrote in the newly established at Tehran University doctoral program for Iranian literature. There he met his future wife Zahra know. She is described as unusual independent woman, who came from a famous family. Her grandfather was Sheikh Fazlollah Nuri, who had turned against the democratic reforms of the Constitutional Revolution, and was hanged for 1909. Zahra was like Parviz teacher, later a university professor, researcher, translator and author of children's books.

Editor of the literary magazine " Sokhan " 1943

In May 1943, together with his friend Zabihollah Safa founded the literary magazine Sokhan and served as its editor until the beginning of the Islamic revolution. Sokhan first belonged to the few magazines that could go without the approval of the censorship in print. This freedom, however, was repealed in 1970. In the 35- year history of the magazine more than two hundred Iranian writers and poets had written contributions. The aim of the journal was to inform Iran of developments in the literary scene in the world. As an opponent of the magazine two groups in the Editorial of 1972 were named, those who are opposed to any renewal and those who have no roots in the past.

The magazine asked her appearance in 1948 for a short time, as Parviz Natel - Khanlari went to France to study at the Sorbonne phonetics and linguistics. After his return from France, he took up a teaching post at the University of Tehran.

After Asadollah Alam became interior minister in 1953 after the overthrow of Mossadegh, Parviz Natel - Khanlari took over the position of Under Secretary in the Ministry of Interior. About his meeting with Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi in this period, he wrote that the king had urged him to serve the country.

Following the resignation Alam also Natel Khanlari left the Home Office and spent a year in the United States. There he received the news that he had been appointed to the Senate. There he met Ali Seyyed Hassan Taqizadeh Daschti and to discuss literary questions.

Minister of Education - Establishment of the Army of Knowledge 1963

As 1962 Asadollah Alam became prime minister he appointed Parviz Natel - Khanlari in his cabinet as Minister of Education and Culture. In this position, he developed the idea to train conscripts in short courses to teachers, and to send them in the fight against illiteracy in rural areas. In October 1963, adopted as part of the reforms of the White Revolution, the parliament passed a law by which the Ministry of Education and the Department of Defense was tasked conscripts who had had finished high school high school to assist teachers, the army of knowledge ( Sepah -e Danesch ) to train to remedy the acute shortage of teachers in the villages. Young conscripts could after basic training for this replacement service report, and village schools were then after a corresponding four -month training sent to the corresponding. Who had begun to study before completing his military service, this could lead to the end, and was then obliged to do his military service in the army of knowledge.

Resistance to Khomeini

In June 1963, when the government learned of the planned demonstrations against the reforms of the White Revolution, it was Natel Khanlari to recognize the dimension of political debate. He knew the mullahs and therefore called for tough action. " If we do not stand together and showing muscles, we will see a revolution. " Alam joined the advice of his friend and the government was cracking down on the demonstrators. At the end also the initiator of the riots, the then little-known Ruhollah Khomeini was arrested. Six months later, Alam was forced to resign due to the continuing criticism of its crackdown on the protesters and the arrest of Khomeini. Thus, the political career Natal Khanlaris was also terminated.

Establishment of the Foundation for Iranian Culture 1964

Immediately after leaving the government he founded with the support of Schahbanu Farah Pahlavi 1964 Bonyad -e Farhang -e Iran ( Iranian Culture Foundation ). The Foundation was to become one of the most important institutions of the classical Persian literature. Natel Khanlari built a library with over 17,000 volumes on Persian literature. Over 300 book publications were brought out to the Islamic Revolution in 1978 by Natel Khanlari, including those issued by Safa Zabihollah anthologies of classical Persian intellectual history.

In these years, Parviz Natel - Khanlari finally found the time a new Hafiz edition that he developed from fourteen different manuscripts. It is still regarded as standard output. By the same date Parviz Natel - Khanlari one of the globally recognized, outstanding literary scholars for Persian literature had become. Parviz Natel - Khanlari has published hundreds of magazine articles and more than twenty books. Especially famous was his three-volume standard work on the history of the Persian language. In another twenty books he worked with as a publisher.

Islamic Revolution in 1978

With the Islamic Revolution in 1978 the scientific work of Persian literature came to an abrupt end. After its stance against Khomeini in 1963 it became known he was immediately arrested and he led the Foundation closed. It never came to a formal court proceedings, since the charges brought against him accusations that he had moved billions of dollars abroad, were completely baseless. Natel Khanlari wrote in a defense that he had lived in his life only of what he had earned by his income as a professor, minister or head of the foundation and by his literary works, and that he is extensive from this modest income neither ownership of land or other assets have been able to work out. At the end of his life, the man who had his whole life served his country and of Persian literature, is accused of being a prisoner again, poor, lonely and crimes he did not commit was.

The few possessions, Parviz Natel - Khanlari had been seized despite all objections. Due to his poor health, he was released from prison. He received an offer to go abroad, and to act as tutor to the Crown Prince Cyrus Reza Pahlavi. Parviz Natel - Khanlari refused. In August 1990, Parviz Natel - Khanlari died. His wife Zahra should survive him only a few months.

Works

• Zaban va Zaban -e Farsi Shenasi. Amirkabir, Tehran 1964.
• Tarikh -e Zaban -e Farsi. 3 volumes. Tehran 1348 (1969).