Pasquale Stanislao Mancini

Pasquale Stanislao Mancini ( born March 17, 1817 in Castel Barony, Avellino, † December 26, 1888 in Rome), rarely Pascal Mancini, was an Italian jurist, journalist and politician who came from the Naples -based branch of the Italian noble family Mancini. He was a professor at the Universities of Turin and Rome and was one of several Italian governments as a Minister for various business units. In addition, he was co-founder of the Institut de Droit international as well as its first president. He thus contributed to the emergence of modern international law and also regarded as an important political figure of the Risorgimento, the movement for an independent and united Italian nation-state in the 19th century.

Life

Pasquale Stanislao Mancini was born in 1817 in the province of Avellino and studied at the University of Naples law. During this time he worked as a journalist. He quickly rose in higher social positions and in 1848 a member of the Neapolitan Parliament. In the same year he played a major role in the decision of Ferdinand II, King of Naples and the Two Sicilies, to intervene in the conflict with Austria in northern Italy. An involvement of the Neapolitan government, he refused twice. After the victory of the reactionary forces he took during the Bourbon rule first the Defence of Political Prisoners from the liberal camp, then fled but under the pressure of an imminent imprisonment to Piedmont. Here he became in 1849 professor of international law at the University of Turin and teachers of Umberto I, who later became king of Italy. From 1860, he was a deputy of Ariano in the Italian Parliament, and began at that time to work out the legal basis for a unification of the Italian provinces in a common nation-state. Two years later, he served for four weeks as Minister of Education in the first cabinet of Urbano Rattazzi and campaigned for the abolition of the death penalty. His successor in that office was Carlo Matteucci. From 1872 he was a professor at the University of Rome and dealt mainly with questions of international law and intergovernmental conflict resolution. In September 1873 he was involved as one of eleven lawyers from different countries in the founding of the Institut de Droit international ( Institute of International Law ) and its first president.

In March 1876 he returned to national politics when he was Minister of Education and Justice under Prime Minister Agostino Depretis. Because of his liberal convictions he sat during his two-year tenure, among others, through an extension of freedom of the press, a new Criminal Code, a law on compulsory education and the abolition of tithe and of imprisonment for debtors. After his retirement from the office of minister in March 1878, he worked as a lawyer. In 1881 he turned again to politics when, after the resignation of Prime Minister Benedetto Cairoli again Agostino Depretis took over the government. Pasquale Stanislao Mancini result, was from May 1881 to October 1885 the Italian Foreign Minister. Although he initially not explicitly supported an alliance of Italy with Austria and Germany, he accompanied King Umberto I to Vienna at the negotiations that led to the agreement of the Triple Alliance in May 1882. After than indiscreet rated public statements to the Triple Alliance, and due to the rejection of the initiated by him Italian colonial policy, he resigned in June 1885. His successor in the office of the Foreign Minister was Carlo Felice Nicolis Robilant. From 1884 he played a leading role in the development of the Enciclopedia Italiana giuridica, a specialized encyclopedia for former Italian legal system.

Countess Laura Beatrice Mancini, wife of Pasquale Stanislao Mancini, friends as a poet and active with the German painter Karl Friedrich Fries, which they often stand model. Their daughter Grazia Pierantoni - Mancini, like her mother, a poet and writer, was married to the lawyer Augusto Pierantoni, who was involved internationally also in the founding of the Institut de Droit.

In the Italian capital Rome, Pasquale Stanislao Mancini in the in 1888, died wearing his honor the street Via Pasquale Stanislao Mancini his name.

Works (selection)

  • Della nazionalità come Fondamento del dritto delle genti prelezione al corso di dritto internazionale e marittimo. Turin 1851
  • Processo contro il by diffamazione giornale Fischietto Il Tribunale di Torino correzionale. Genoa 1855
  • Per l' Abolizione della Morte di Pena. Turin 1865
  • Diritto internazionale: prelezioni con un saggio sul Machiavelli. Naples 1873
  • Sommi lineamenti di una Storia della Penalità ideals. Rome 1874
  • Della Vocazione del nostro Secolo per la Reforma e la Codificazione del Diritto delle Genti, e per l' ordinamento di una Giustizia internazionale. Rome 1874
  • Enciclopedia Italiana giuridica. Milan, 1884-1892
  • Parliamentary Discourses. Rome 1893-1897
Castel Baronia Nation state Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies House of Bourbon Triple Alliance (1882) Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani Chamber of Deputies (Italy) Integrated Authority File
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