Patulin
- Clavacin
- Clavatin
- Claviformin
- Expansin
- Giantess
- Mycoin C3
- Leucopenin
- Penicidin
- Penantin
Colorless compact prisms or thick plates
Fixed
110-111 ° C
Soluble in water and many organic solvents
Risk
17 mg · kg -1 ( LD50, mouse, oral)
Template: Infobox chemical / molecular formula search available
Patulin is a mycotoxin that is a mycotoxin. It can be classified into the groups of substances Hydroxypyrofurane, the toxic lactone or γ - pyrones.
Occurrence
Patulin is formed by mold species Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Paecilomyces Byssochlamys variotii. Especially in rotting fruit core Patulin is produced by Penicillium expansum here. Add apples or pears up to two grams of toxin per kilogram of body septic can be found. For apples patulin diffuses virtually not in the healthy tissue, so regardless of how fast removal of rotten places the fruit can still be processed or consumed. For other types of fruit and the healthy part can be patulinhaltig.
When processing of the fruit juices to make sure that no fruits are used that have rotten spots. The pasteurization of fruit juices is usually ineffective, since patulin to short- acting heat is relatively resistant. But the fruit juices can be detoxified by fermentation or Verschwefelung eg.
Properties and biological effects
Patulin is a white crystalline powder. In the body it acts hemorrhagic. As cytotoxin it intervenes in the respiratory chain. In higher doses ingested, the mycotoxin may cause nausea, and lead to inflammation of the stomach and liver injury. In animals, it acts in the rat subcutaneously administered carcinogenic ( sarcomas). When given orally, no carcinogenic effect was observed.
Patulin is a cephalosporin antibiotic but can not be used therapeutically because of its toxicity.
The WHO proposal for a limit of patulin in foodstuffs is 0.05 mg / kg. According to the WHO risk assessment from a toxicological point should be taken per day amount ( PMTDI: provisional maximum tolerable daily intake) does not exceed 0.4 ug of patulin / kg body weight.