Petinesca

The Vicus Petinesca was a Roman city founded in 58 BC ( vicus ), you could assign the modern place students in the Canton of Bern in Switzerland based on late Roman road maps. It was an important town on the north -south and east- west route across, but also located near the navigable river Aare. The station was occupied until 380 AD. Already in the 19th century first excavations were made. Preserved are the remains of a temple area and a door system. New excavations brought to light an artisans' quarter, a burial ground and three days to draw well. So far, could be examined in Petinesca five parts. They include a door system, two terrace settlements, the temple area and the burial ground " Keltenweg ".

The Roman gate system

The Roman gate system was excavated by the Company per Petinesca at first systematic explorations. It consists out of the gate and remains of the fortification wall. Apparently, the late Roman tower in the 4th century AD was extended to a road castle with accommodation spaces.

First signs of settlement - 1st century

The first Roman road ( valley road ) rises from the plane direction of the lower slope terrace and opens into the Vorderbergstrasse; which leads from the village to the sub Aegerten. The latter is on the downhill side protected by a wooden palisade. West of the valley road widr at this time massive debris deposited material, which is interspersed with pottery waste. Two slope supporting structure be built to stabilize the fillings in short time intervals. These dams cause a gradual shift of the valley road to the east (green phase).

Older stone building - 2 / 3 century

At the latest with the task of the younger slope supporting structures of the wooden palisade Vorderbergstrasse is removed, filled and covered with the new road to the lower village. At the beginning of the 2nd century the older stone building is south of the Vorderbergstrasse, partially offset powerful leveling layers created. The difference in level between the Northeast and the Southwest tract is approximately 4 m. The almost square stone building, that about the middle of the 3rd century by a fire damaged. The angles to the walls standing fountain has been built with the stone building, or possibly earlier. He is abandoned and filled during the use of the earlier stone building. Northwest of the new Vorderbergstrasse at the turn of the 2nd century initially a wooden house is already built ( with Schwellbalkenkonstruktion ).

Junior stone building - 3 / 4 century

For the building of the late Roman Torturmanlage massive earth movements to be done again. The two takseitigen outside walls and the interior walls of the old stone building be demolished and replaced by new, up to 3 m thick walls. The two existing slope -side exterior walls will be integrated into the new building. Due to the found pottery of the construction of the plant in the second half of the third century may be dated. At this time the Vorderbergstrasse and vermitlich are also been abandoned to their preferred sub- village. The valley road now leads through the gate tower. A found outside of the tower late Roman coin suggests that the gate tower has been traveled in the 4th century.

Post-Roman channel

After the partial demolition of the mighty southeastern outer wall of the late Roman stone building, a water channel has been bricked up on the remaining foundation.

The Temple

In the 1930s, carried out excavations led to the uncovering of Roman temples and chapels on the hill Gumpboden of Jens mountain. The temple complex comprises two groups of three Gallo- Roman temples and three chapels and a priest's house, built between the 2nd century BC and the 4th century AD The western temple is very well preserved in its foundations and was partially reconstructed and provided with a protective roof. The large temple complex was originally in a Walling with three gates, of which a portion of the southeast wall is obtained.

2012 Roman temple area has been completely refurbished. The wall features were traced with Markiersteinen and the temples inner surfaces were made visible with marl stones. The total cost for rounding forest and restoration amounted to CHF 439,000 francs. This is followed by the Federal Office of Culture with 76,000 and the lottery fund of CHF 128'500 participate.

The Ramparts

To Petinesca includes a pre-Roman ramparts, from the westernmost Keltenwall is best preserved. The Wall is enhanced by tree trunks and a dry stone wall embankment. He protected once an oppidum.

The Fountain

The emergence times of up to 12 meters deep wells are not clear to date. Your job and backfilling was in the 3rd century AD The ceramics found joins the known reference complexes of the 3rd century from the Swiss Mittelland. They clearly show the executive in the 3rd century development of Glanztonware. The archaeozoology can prove the Sämischgerberei due to the composition of the faunal remains. The finds show that fine- tanners were active starting around the turn of time. During a pit contents from the first century refers to the tanning of sheepskins, the wells finds the production of goat leather show.

The port

Right next to the train station in Studen - where the new village center is Wydenpark - archaeologists are encountered in 2010 on the remains of a dam with wooden poles and massive wooden barriers. The dam gives a history of up to seven meters wide road, which was also partially exposed. Further excavations confirmed the suspicion that the old Aare a Roman port could have been.