Phenazine

Dibenzopyrazin

Yellow solid

Fixed

172-177 ° C

360 ° C.

• Insoluble in water
• Moderately in ethanol, diethyl ether and benzene

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Phenazine is a polycyclic aromatic chemical compound having two nitrogen atoms in the middle of the three rings. This structure is present as a single ring in pyrazine. Phenazine is a yellow solid and is the starting material for many compounds derived, which are used as dyes (eg, neutral red, safranin, Eurhodin, Indulin, pyocyanin, mauve ).

Occurrence

Some phenazine derivatives have an antibiotic effect and therefore by many bacteria (eg Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptomyces, Pantoea agglomerans ) are synthesized and delivered to the defense of their habitat in the area. The biosynthesis of the two six-membered carbon rings of the phenazines occurs on the Shikimisäureweg the Aromatenbiosynthese Chorisminsäure.Fast over 100 of these naturally occurring compounds have now been identified.

Production and representation

A classical method for the synthesis of phenazine is the reaction of nitrobenzene and aniline in the well - Aue reaction ( 1901). But there are still other methods known:

• Oxidation of dihydrophenazine, which can be obtained by heating catechol with ortho- phenylenediamine
• Cyclization of ortho -aminodiphenylamine with hydrochloric acid and iron ( III) chloride

Use

Phenazine starting material for many dyes (also known as azine dyes, hereinafter) such as neutral red, mauve and safranine, wherein the ring with the two nitrogen atoms as a chromophore to occur. Phenazine dyes in general, the structure of phenazine as backbone for this class of dyes. The phenazine and phenazine derivatives are important starting materials for the industrial production of pesticides, perfumes, and drugs. Phenazine is still a complexing agent.