Phenomenology of religion

Phenomenology of religion is an approach of religious studies.

Basically, one can distinguish two different approaches of the phenomenology of religion:

The first-mentioned approach is very strongly influenced by the phenomenology of Edmund Husserl's term. It is about the beholding of phenomena, ie what is the unbiased researchers shows. This approach intends the essence of religion (s) to develop independently of cultural and historical contexts. Therefore, the allegation of ahistoricity him by historians of religion was made. This criticism into account and to explore as from the classical phenomenology of religion tried distancing the modern, problem-oriented phenomenology of religion the changing phenomena in the history of religion. In contrast to the purely cultural studies religious studies religious phenomenology emphasizes the importance of transcendence openness, ie, it does not consider religious phenomena necessarily only as products of human culture, but want the possibility that it is encounters between people and often the "holy" said transcendent size is consciously taken into account, but without reason to become a theology.

The mentioned as the second approach is also called religion typology or Systematic Religion. The latter tries to classify the religions and to systematically organize into types such as prophetic religions, wisdom religions, ethnic religions, universal religions.

Raw material of the phenomenology of religion is the entire history of religion. The phenomenology of religion, reporting to the among others, the psychology of religion, sociology of religion and of religious psychopathology, by their results but also wears the criticism of religion, thereby abstracting from the historicity and culture-specific determination of their knowledge objects.

Concerns of the phenomenology of religion is to do in the abundance of many religions ' the religious ', the existential relatedness of man to a transcendent ' supreme knowledge ' is visible.

  • Mircea Eliade, a classic of the phenomenology of religion, organized his religionsphänomenologischen research results according to the criteria of space and time, describing religious phenomena in a partly geographical, partly chronological order. He is controversial because of its involvement in the Romanian fascism.
  • For Gustav Mensching was the phenomenology of religion, which he promoted with important works on the sacred silence, the holy word, the idea of sin, etc., only a portion of his work.
  • Adel Theodor Khoury cath. Prof. in Münster and Georg Girschek, Speaker in the Archdiocese of Cologne ( ' The religious knowledge of mankind ', 2 vols, 360 pp., hardcover, KNO NO: 07 65 07 41, Freiburg: Herder, 1999) choose the other hand, a systematic classification which is based on themes such as creation, experience of God, revelation, prophecy, healing and worship.
  • Geo Widengren, a Swedish orientalist and religious scholars, who mainly devoted to the study of ancient Near Eastern and Iranian religions, also looked at studies on Judaism and Islam. His works enjoy great philological accuracy and made ​​in the area of ​​Iranian religions using all Iranian dialects and other languages ​​from the environment of Iran, such as Sanskrit, Akkadian, Arabic or Syriac.

Religionsphänomenologen

  • Pierre Daniel Chantepie de la Saussaye (1848-1920)
  • Gerardus van der Leeuw (1890-1950)
  • Rudolf Otto (1869-1937)
  • Friedrich Heiler (1892-1967)
  • Mircea Eliade (1907-1986)
  • Kurt Goldammer (1916-1997)
  • Günter Lanczkowski (1917-1993)
  • Raffaele Pettazzoni (1883-1958)
  • Gustav Mensching (1901-1978)
  • José Severino Croatto (1930-2004)
  • Jacques Waardenburg (b. 1930)
  • Hans -Joachim Klimkeit (1939-1999)
  • Udo Tworuschka (b. 1949)
  • Wolfgang Gantke (b. 1951)
History of religions Cult (religious practice) Oriental studies Akkadian language Gerard van der Leeuw Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
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