Philip Levine (physician)
Philip Levine ( born August 10, 1900 in Kletsk in Minsk, † October 18, 1987 in New York) was an American immunologist and hematologist whose clinical research knowledge on the Rhesus factor, Hemolytic disease of newborn ( Crohn haemoliticus neonatorum ) and blood transfusion extended.
Life and work
Levine was born the sixth of seven children of a Jewish family in Belarus. The family suffered from anti-Semitism in Russia at the time and emigrated in 1908 to the United States, changed its name to Levine left and settled in Brooklyn. There, Philip graduated from high school in 1916 and acquired in 1919 after a four-month military service, which ended with the armistice, his bachelor's degree from City College, New York. He then enrolled at the Faculty of Medicine of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, where he graduated after three years. Even here, his main interest was focused on the blood groups. After graduating, he received a three -year scholarship for allergy research under the allergist Arthur Fernandez Coca (1875-1960), the founder of the Journal of Immunology, where Levine was concerned in the main with the newly discovered Prausnitz - Küstner trial and after the publication of his results in 1925 the master. acquired.
1925 Levine assistant of Karl Landsteiner at the Rockefeller Institute, New York and the work was with Landsteiner designated Levine later as formative for his own scientific methodology. Together, the two researchers discovered in 1927, the antigens M and N as the basis for the second most important addition to the AB0 system blood group system, namely the MNS system. Until 1929 it was Landsteiner and Levine able to distinguish 72 phenotypes of red blood cells due to their serological reactions with the antigens in humans.
As Levine 1932 left New York, he agreed with Landsteiner, to take any further research on the blood groups. He devoted himself rather in the next three years at the University of Wisconsin -Madison research on bacteriophages. His work is also due to that in Wisconsin a law was passed that allowed courts to order blood tests in paternity disputes.
In 1935, Levine has worked as a bacteriologist and Serologe at Newark Beth Israel Hospital in New Jersey, where he focused on the research on blood transfusions and their 1939 along with Rufus E. Stetson published important research results: The two researchers had in 1937 engaged in a stillborn baby that had died from Crohn's haemoliticus neonatorum and they stood for the first time found that a mother can develop blood group antibodies due to the immune response to the red blood cells of her fetus.
Awards
Excerpt from the full list in the Giblett publication S. 335f.
Discount
1969 was created a named by Levine Award for Clinical Research from the American Society for Clinical Pathology ( ASCP ), the Philip Levine Award. The German Society for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology assigns a Philip Levine Prize to " innovative scientists " in the immune hematology and related areas.