Phosphoglycerate mutase

Phosphoglycerate mutase ( PGAM ) are called enzymes that catalyze the rearrangement of the phosphate group in phosphoglycerate of 2 - to catalyze the 3-position and vice versa. This reaction is a partial step in glycolysis, the utilization of carbohydrates in the metabolism of all living beings, which takes place in every cell. With the mammals have been formed by copy additional alleles of the gene PGAM1 that PGAM2, called PGAM4 and PGAM5. PGAM2 is only produced in the muscles. Mutations at PGAM2 gene lead to a form of muscular dystrophy.

Catalyzed reaction

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2 -phosphoglycerate is migrated to 3 -phosphoglycerate, and vice versa. The catalysis is performed by intermediate formation of a phosphohistidine residue in the PGAM.

Other Features

The PGAM isoforms also have weak activity as Bisphosphoglyceratmutase ( EC 5.4.2.4 ) and as biphosphoglycerate - phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.13 ).

PGAM1 is produced in cancer cells in excess. PGAM1 binds in vitro to the core of the hepatitis C virus. Patients with autoimmune hepatitis generate increased PGAM1 antibodies.

PGAM5 is transported to the outer membrane of the mitochondria, where it binds and Keap1 Nrf2.