Picea koyamae
Koyama spruce (Picea koyamae )
The Koyama spruce (Picea koyamae ) is a species of the family (Pinaceae ). It is a relict which is native to Japan.
Description
The Koyama spruce grows as a evergreen tree that can reach the stature heights of up to 20 meters and diameter at breast height of up to 40 centimeters. From straight trunk, the thin branches go from horizontal. The Stammborke is colored brown and smooth in young trees. You discolored with age over gray brown to black graun out is rough and scaly and peeling off in thin flakes. The hairless, ridged bark of the branches is brown in color.
The strong pulvini are 0.8 to 0.9 millimeters long. The bright green needles are linear - square shaped with a length of 0.8 to 1.2 inches and a width of approximately 0.15 inches. Your tip is blunt on young trees and pointed to older trees. There is a striking Stomataband On each side of the needle.
The Koyama spruce is monoecious - getrenntgeschlechtig ( monoecious ) and the flowering season extends from May to June. The cylindrical male cones are reddish brown and bear numerous stamens. Individually suspended from the branches pins are cylindrically shaped with a length of 4-8 cm and a thickness of 2 to 2.5 centimeters. They are dyed reddish purple through to maturity. The thin and woody seed scales are spherical to ovoid and are about 1.5 inches long and 1.3 to 1.6 inches wide. Your upper edge is finely serrated. The spindle-shaped, black-brown seeds are about 3 millimeters long and about 2 mm wide. They have a light brown, oblong to ovate wrong - wing, which is about 1 inch long and is approximately 0.5 inches wide.
Distribution and location
The natural range of Koyama Spruce is located in Japan. It includes where the holdings situated in central Honshu Yatsugatake Mountains and the Akaishi Mountains. It is considered a relict, which is found on the southern border of the distribution area of spruce trees.
The Koyama spruce grows at elevations from 1500 to 2000 meters. It is a species of cool climate with snowy winters. The annual rainfall, depending on the site between 1000 and 2000 millimeters. It grows mainly on north-facing slopes on lava flows or on soils which have formed on phyllite, sandstone or limestone. It makes from both pure and mixed stands. Among the associated species include the Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi ), the Alcock Spruce ( Picea alcoquiana ) Maximowiczs Spruce ( Picea maximowiczii ), the Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis ), the Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica ) and the Japanese tree of life ( Thuja standishii ) and various shrubs.
The Koyama spruce is classified as " critically endangered " in the IUCN Red List. The current range of the species comprises less than 100 km ² and the total population is estimated to be less than a thousand full-grown trees. Above all, forest fires, typhoons and landslides and forest felling in conjunction with plantations of Japanese larch have meant that there are only relatively small and isolated from each other stocks, between which there is only a small gene replacement. The number of mature trees is considered to be in decline.
System
Picea koyamae is within the genre of spruce (Picea ) the subgenus Picea, Picea section, the subsection Picea and Picea series assigned.
The first description was in 1913 as Picea koyamai by Homi Shirasawa in the Botanical Magazine, Volume 27, page 128 The specific epithet honors the botanist koyamae Mitsua Koyama, who dicovered the species in 1911.
Swell
- Christopher J. Earle: Picea koyamae. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, November 28, 2012, accessed on 28 July 2013 ( English).
- T. Yamazaki: Picea koyamae. In: Flora of Japan. www.foj.cu - tokyo.ac.jp, accessed on 28 July 2013 ( English).