Pierre Bretonneau
Pierre Fidele Bretonneau ( born April 3, 1778 in Saint -Georges- sur -Cher, near Tours, † February 18, 1862 in Passy, now at Paris ) was a French physician.
Life and work
His father Pierre Bretonneau (1741-1811) was a surgeon, maître - chirurgien à Saint -Georges- sur- Cher. He married his second wife and mother of PF Bretonneau the Marie- Élisabeth Lecomte (1744-1814) in 1776. She was the daughter of a notary.
One of his uncle, Jean Bretonneau was also surgeon of His Highness Monseigneur Prince, Son Altesse Monseigneur le Prince Jules Hercule de Rohan Meriadec Guéméné (1726-1788), Duke of Montbazon. Another uncle was a surgeon in Savonnières.
They sent him in 1795 to the École de Santé in Paris. During his stay in Paris, he founded lifelong friendships as with André Marie Constant Duméril, Guillaume Dupuytren, Augustin Pyramus de Candolle, Louis Benoît Guersant ( 1769-1828 ). There he attended the clinical lectures of Jean -Nicolas Corvisart. Georges Cuvier and Philippe Pinel aroused his interest in the natural sciences and biology. He found in Madame Dupin at Chenonceau Castle a patron. After her death in 1799 he returned again to Paris.
From 1803 he began to fight against smallpox or smallpox epidemic, with good success, due to its vaccination campaigns. After a failed botany exam, he interrupted his studies in Paris at first and turned to the military medical training, Officier de Santé, too. After successful completion in the military ended in consequence, his academic training through a promotion. On Saturday January 7, 1815, he defended his thesis on De l' utilité de la compression, et en particulier, de l' efficacité you bandage de Theden, dans les inflammations idiopathiques de la peau (translated: About the usefulness of compression and in particular the effectiveness of the bandage Theden in idiopathic inflammation of the skin) and was given the position of a chief physician at Tours. In 1838 he gave up this function and also the management of the École de Santé in Tours and devoted himself to the care of poor patients.
On Monday, May 18, 1801 at the Place des Vosges in Paris, he married Marie Thérèse Adam ( 1753/1775-1836 ). Madame Dupin was her great-aunt. As such, Maria Theresia Adam inherited a portion of the assets of Louise Marie Madeleine Fontaine, Madame Dupin, including a building in Paris, the Chenonceau castle and domain. Both moved their center of life after Chenonceaux. He was in the period from 1803 to 1807 mayor, maire, from Chenonceaux.
Bretonneau became friends with Pierre -Jean de Beranger and met regularly in the castle with the former interior minister and owner of Château de Chanteloup, Jean -Antoine Chaptal.
Around the year 1836 he is said to have had an extramarital relationship with Eugénie Meunier ( 1801-1873 ). In 1856 he married for the second time Sophie Moreau, Comtesse Clary ( 1837-1918 ). She was the niece of a former pupil Jacques -Joseph Moreau.
Bretonneau was a representative of the Paris School of Clinical Medicine. He described the diphtheria, which was formerly known as " Bretonneau disease". The name of the disease, diphtheria found by him in 1826, entrance into medical nomenclature. Bretonneau called diphtheria. Between the years 1818 to 1820 it had come to Tours to a diphtheria epidemic. Bretonneau analyzed the clinical picture thoroughly. He described the typical pseudo-membranes of the mucous membranes, which subsequently lead to shortness of breath, croup and could lead to death. He showed that it was independent of the localization of the diphtheria infection to generalized toxic symptoms; they were interpreted by him as an expression of diphtheria -specific inflammation. Bretonneau applied for the symptomatic treatment of tracheotomy ( tracheotomy ). After two futile interventions for humans and a successful surgery on the dog, he succeeded in 1825 to perform a successful surgery on a four year old girl sick with diphtheria.
His approach to diphtheritic, stridorösen Atmwegshindernissen the upper respiratory tract by tracheotomy was adopted by some Parisian hospital doctors, so Armand Trousseau. He established the tracheotomy standard for a complicated course of the disease. In 1852 the Bretonneau student Armand Trousseau led a total of 169 tracheotomies by, 158 of them at the croup, and 11 for chronic diseases of the larynx. Bretonneau harbored in the pre- bacteriological era, already suspect that the diphtheria by example the sharing of cups will be passed.
He also dealt with the typhoid disease, so he obduzierte the deceased a typhoid Epidemienim the years 1818 and 1819. He discovered important aspects of the pathology of this disease, such as the lesions in the small intestine (destruction of Peyer's patches in the small intestine ) and he called these lesions syndrome de dothiénentérie.
Another student was Alfred -Armand -Louis -Marie Velpeau a French anatomist and surgeon.
Bretonneaus was a polymathic personality, he constructed technical devices, such as barometers and thermometers, and experimented with endoscopes. He led nature observations through, about bees and ants and cultivated its own botanical garden.
His grave is in the cemetery of Saint- Cyr- sur -Loire near Tours.
Works (selection)
- Bretonneau, PF: De l' utilité de la compression, et en particulier, de l' efficacité you bandage de Theden, dans les inflammations idiopathiques de la peau. Universite de Paris. Faculté de Medicine, (1815 )
- Bretonneau, PF: In inflammations PR Service du tissu muqueux, et en particulier de la diphthérite. Crevot, Paris in 1826.