Pinus henryi
Pinus henryi in Wulingyuan, Hunan Province
Pinus henryi is a coniferous tree from the species of pines ( Pinus ) with pairwise growing, 7 to 12 centimeters long needles. The seed pin reach a length of 2.5 to 5 centimeters. The natural range is in several provinces in China. The species is classified as Near Threatened in the IUCN Red List. It is often attributed as a variety Pinus Pinus massoniana or tabuliformis.
- 6.1 Literature
- 6.2 Notes and references
Description
Appearance
Pinus henryi grows as evergreen, up to 25 meter high tree. The stem forms a continuous axis and reaches breast height diameter of up to 1 meter. The Stammborke is gray-brown and gray weather influence, flaky and breaks into large, irregularly shaped plates which flake off in large or small parts. The branches are twisted, spread or bent downwards and form a dome-shaped to flat crown. Benadelte branches are stiff, hairless and rough by after dropping the needles remaining pulvini. Young shoots are reddish brown in the first year and usually Glauk, they will later light brown, gray-brown or gray.
Buds and needles
The vegetative buds are oblong, pointed and slightly resinous. Terminal buds are about 20 millimeters long. The scale leaves grow pressed and are pale brown. The needles grow in pairs in a 10 to 15 millimeters long, lasting, basal needle sheath. The needles are green, spreading, straight or curved, soft, 7 to 12 centimeters long, twisted 0.7 to 1 mm wide and often easily. The needle edge is finely serrated, the end pointed or tapered. On all sides there are needle stomatal lines. The needles remain two to three years on the tree.
Cones and seeds
The pollen cones grow spirally arranged in groups at the base of young shoots. They are yellow, short cylindrical and about 2 inches long.
The seed cones grow singly or in pairs on short stalks. Full-grown cones are closed ovoid, almost symmetrical, 2.5 to 5 inches long and are open diameter of 2.5 to 5 centimeters. The seed scales are brown, thinly woody, stiff and oblong to obovate. With the exception of growing at the base of scales they open wide and bend back. The apophysis is initially green and shiny or reddish brown when ripe, are differently shaped in outline and only slightly increased. It is either keeled transversely or shows four radial ridges. The umbo is lowered and armed with a small spine. The cones remain several years after the delivery of the seeds on the tree.
The seeds are mottled pale brown and frequently, ovate -oblong, 3.5 to 5 mm long and 2-3 mm wide. The seed wing is dark brown, 9-12 mm long and 4-5 mm wide.
Distribution and ecology
The natural range of Pinus henryi is located in China in the west of Hubei Province, Chongqing and Hunan, in southern Shaanxi and the northeast of Sichuan. The type is in the mountains of central China frequently in middle layers and grows at altitudes from 1100 to 2000 meters. It prefers dry, sunny slopes and hills, where the competition is low by deciduous trees, as the forests are more open and less high than in wetter areas. There also is a pioneer plant secondary forests, where they are found together with deciduous shrubs and trees, which, however, often displace later.
Threats and conservation
In the IUCN Red List Pinus henryi is classified as Near Threatened ( " Near Threatened "). Deforestation and cutting down of forests for local use reduce the stocks, but there are also populations in protected areas.
Systematics and etymology
Pinus henryi is a species in the genus of pine (Pinus ), in which it is assigned to the subgenus Pinus, section Pinus, subsection Pinus. The species was first described in 1902 by Maxwell henryi Tylden Masters as Pinus. In 1983, she was described by Chung Tian Kuan as a variety Pinus henryi var tabuliformis the genus Pinus tabuliformis attributed. The classification was adopted by the Flora of China and James E. Eckenwalder. Roman Businský they presented in 1999 as a subspecies of Pinus tabuliformis. The taxon has been assigned as Pinus massoniana variety. Aljos Farjon, IUCN and Plant List to see the taxon, however, than own way
Pinus henryi Pinus tabuliformis similar, but differs from this due to the narrower needles, which are not thicker than 1 mm, the smaller seed pin and the only slightly increased apophysis. From Pinus massoniana, it differs in the much shorter needles, smaller, almost round-to- ovoid cones and seeds of the shorter wing.
The genus name Pinus was already used by the Romans for several pine species. The specific epithet henryi commemorates the English dendrologists Augustine Henry (1857-1930), who studied the plants of China early on.
Use
The wood of Pinus henryi has properties similar to that of Pinus tabuliformis, but the species is less frequent and therefore a less important source of timber. The species is not at all or rarely cultivated and was not, like many other Chinese species introduced into Europe in the early 20th century.