Pinus latteri
Pinus Latteri
Pinus Latteri is an evergreen coniferous tree of the genus pine (Pinus ), usually with 15 to 25 centimeters long needles and 6 to 10 inches long seed cones. The natural range is in Southeast Asia. The wood is used as timber and further processed into pulp, in different countries and the resin used.
- 5.1 Literature
- 5.2 Notes and references
Description
Habit
Pinus Latteri grows as evergreen, to 30 m tall tree with trunk diameters of up to 200 centimeters. The Stammborke is thick, scaly and rough and breaks up into many small, dark gray plates. The branches are horizontal or erect and form in older trees a wide dome-shaped to umbrella-shaped crown. The needled branches are strong, bald, brown or dark brown.
Buds and needles
The winter buds are brown, cylindrical, and not resinous, terminal buds reach a length of 1.5 to 2 centimeters. The bud scales are brown. The needles grow in pairs in a lasting, 15 to 20 millimeters long basal needle sheath. The needles are dull green, long and thin, stiff, straight, 15 to 25 and sometimes 27 inches long and about 1.5 mm thick. The cross section is semicircular, the margin finely serrated needle and the needle pointed end. On all sides there are several fine needle stomatal lines. The two central needle resin ducts are formed.
Cones and seeds
The pollen cones grow erect and spirally arranged in groups. They are cylindrical and 2 to 3 inches long. The seed cones usually grow solitary, rarely in pairs, on young shoots. You have a strong, about 1 centimeter long stem and are available from almost at right angles from the branches. They are closed ovoid - conical, sometimes 5 usually 6 to 10 and rarely up to 13 inches long. Open they are broad ovoid with a flattened base with diameters 4-9 centimeters. The seed scales are initially green and light reddish brown when ripe, woody, stiff, oblong and in the center of larger cones about 3 mm long and 1.2 to 1.5 millimeters wide. The apophysis is shiny reddish brown to dark brown, raised, rhombic or irregular pentagonal outline, clearly keeled transversely and radially striated or grooved. The umbo is flat or slightly depressed toward the end blunt and unarmed. The seeds are ellipsoid to obovate, 5-8 mm long, about 4 mm wide, slightly pressed and gray-brown. The seed wing is narrow, 20 to 25 millimeters long and consistently. Pollination is from March to April, the cones mature in the second year in October.
Distribution, ecology and hazard
The natural range of Pinus Latteri located in Southeast Asia in Vietnam, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar and China. In China, you can find the kind in the southwest of Guangdong Province, in southern Guangxi and Hainan. In Hainan, it was probably naturalized. It grows from sea level up to altitudes of 1200 meters and more or less open forms stocks on river terraces with sandy or gravelly soils or on seasonally dry hill country. Pinus Latteri forms as an adaptation to frequent steppe fire in their infancy stage of a grass and can quickly recolonize open areas on poor soils. The distribution area is in the range of the southeast monsoon with high rainfall, as in Myanmar and Thailand at about 1500 millimeters per year. On drier hill country, such as in Myanmar, they often grows in woods, the two wings of fruit trees ( Dipterocarpus ) are dominated. The distribution area is the hardiness zone 9 to 10 associated with mean annual minimum temperatures of -6.6 to 4.4 ° C ( 20-40 ° F).
In the IUCN Red List Pinus Latteri is as Near Threatened ( " Near Threatened " ) out. It is noted, however, that a reassessment is pending.
Systematics and history of research
Pinus Latteri is a species in the genus of pine (Pinus ), in which it is assigned to the subgenus Pinus, section Pinus and Pinus subsection. It was described in 1849 by Francis Mason for the first time scientifically. The genus name Pinus was already used by the Romans for several pine species. The specific epithet Latteri reminiscent of Captain Latter, the discoverer and first Englishman who has seen the kind. Pinus Latteri very similar to the native to Sumatra and the Philippines vikarianten Pinus merkusii. An important distinguishing feature between the two types of the grass stage of the seedlings was seen as an adaptation to frequent prairie fire. As this stage is now being observed in both species, it is questionable whether the differences in morphology that have only quantitative character justify the species status. If not, Pinus Latteri would have as a variety Pinus merkusii var Latteri ( Mason) Silba or subspecies Pinus merkusii subsp. Latteri ( Mason) DZLi of Pinus be construed merkusii. Other synonyms of the species are Pinus ikedae Yamam. , Pinus merkusii var tonkinensis ( A.Chev. ) Gaussen ex Bui and Pinus tonkinensis A.Chev.
Use
The wood of Pinus Latteri is used in Southeast Asia as a timber for the manufacture of doors, window frames and floors, sometimes for panels. The wood is traditionally processed into charcoal. Large quantities are now used for the production of pulp. In some countries, the resin is recovered and processed further. In China, it is also used for medicinal purposes. From the bark tannins are extracted from the needles of turpentine. Pinus Latteri was planted in several African countries for reforestation, but could not prevail against the native vegetation type.