Pisaura
Spider ( Pisaura mirabilis )
The genus belongs to the family of Pisaura Pisauridae and according to current knowledge and the catalog of Platnick (version 9, 2008) includes 18 species.
Eugène Simon 1885 replaced the former genus name Ocyle by Pisaura. When he in his Natural History of spiders the new family Pisauridae founded in 1898, it bordered on Pisaura Dolomedes and other genera mainly on the basis of the dentition Chelicerenglieder and the eye size and arrangement. Blandin corrected in 1976 to differentiate into the very closely related genus Afropisaura the details of the order and eyes added added characteristics of female and male Genitialen.
System
The following Pisaura species are currently known.
- Pisaura acoreensis Wunderlich 1992 ( Azores )
- Pisaura anahitiformis Kishida 1910 ( Japan)
- Pisaura ancora Paik 1969 ( Russia, China, Korea)
- Pisaura bicornis Zhang & Song, 1992 ( China, Japan)
- Pisaura bobbiliensis Reddy & Patel, 1993 ( India)
- Pisaura consocia (OP - Cambridge, 1872) (Israel, Lebanon, Syria)
- Pisaura decorata Patel & Reddy, 1990 ( India)
- Pisaura Gita Tikader 1970 ( India ( Sikkim ), Andaman )
- Pisaura lama Bösenberg and 1906 (Russia, China, Korea, Japan) beach
- Spider ( Pisaura mirabilis ( Clerck 1757) ) ( Palearctic )
- Pisaura novicia ( L.Koch 1878) ( Mediterranean to Georgia)
- Pisaura orientalis Kulczyński 1913 ( Mediterranean )
- Pisaura parangbusta Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 ( Philippines)
- Pisaura podilensis Patel & Reddy, 1990 ( India)
- Pisaura putiana Barrion & Litsinger 1995 ( Philippines)
- Pisaura quadrilineata (Lucas 1838) (Canary Islands, Madeira)
- Pisaura sublama Zhang 2000 ( China)
- Pisaura swamii Patel 1987 ( India)
Anatomy
The front body ( prosoma ) bears in the middle of a bright, clearly contrasting longitudinal line in highly variable ground color ranging from light brown to reddish brown and usually gray to black. The rear body ( opisthosoma ) is long and narrow, tapering to the rear, fitted on the back with a broad, dark- margined Pip binding. Also to be found at the outer Chelicerengrundglieds only three teeth.
The females have on the underside of the abdomen a strikingly dark area ( epigynum ) with the two Begattungsöffnungen. In the males, the genital opening located at the same place is unremarkable.
The jaws button ( pedipalps ), the second pair of limbs are like bein in nymphs and females, with males at the foot thickened ( bulb ). At the end of the thickening is found the intruders ( embolus ) that kept the sperm from the semen after taking power to mating.
Sensory performance
Your sense organs allow the prey spiders to distinguish enemies, prey and mates.
Sense of sight
Species of the genus Pisaura have eight single eyes ( ocelli ). The front center eyes are the main focus, the remaining six the secondary eyes. The latter have a light-reflecting layer ( tapetum ) that makes them shine.
With their eyes Pisaura overlooks almost all of their surroundings, ie from left to right an area of 140 °, 60 ° overlap. From top to bottom, the field extends over 100 °. The principal eyes have the best resolution of less than 2 °, the secondary eyes of up to 4 °.
Hearing
The species of the genus Pisaura have special hair sitting in a beaker ( trichobothria ) on the legs and pedipalps. You can air vibrations and tones register in prey frequency range and allow the prey at night.
Gap sense
In addition to various types of hair can be found all over the body distributed single slit sense organs ( Lyraförmiges organ ). They measured deformations of the cuticle in which they are embedded, and serve as vibration receptors.
Touch and smell
Touch stimuli and chemical stimuli are received by direct contact by means of so-called chemotaktiler leg hairs on palpi, legs, and chelicerae. To what extent the tarsal organs, which are also considered moisture receptors serve, olfaction is unknown.