Pleuronectidae

Flounder ( Platichthys flesus)

The clods or right eye flounders ( Pleuronectidae ) are a family of flatfish. Plaice live in the Atlantic, Indo-Pacific and the Arctic Ocean from the shallow waters to a depth of 1000 meters. Some species live in fresh water. Many Scholl species such as plaice, halibut, Greenland halibut and flounder are popular food fish and are fished commercially.

Features

Both eyes are on the right side of the body. An exception are the flounder, where there are also copies that have both eyes on the left side. The lower jaw protrudes beyond the upper jaw. Floes can change the color of their pigmented top adjust the ground. The dorsal fin begins on the head above the upper eye. The pelvic fins are symmetrical. Adult animals have no swim bladder. The lateral line organ is well developed on both sides of the body. With the exception of two types, the yolk of eggs Scholl contains no oil drops.

Plaice feed on prey on fish and larger invertebrates.

System

Floes are within the flatfish to the superfamily Pleuronectoidea ( Scholl -likes). The previously identified in the plaice subfamilies Paralichthodinae, Poecilopsettinae and Rhombosoleinae are now being made in many classifications to the rank of independent families. The sister group of the floes are part of the polyphyletic appearance Butte ( Paralichthyidae ).

Genera and species

There are about 60 species in about 23 genera:

  • Genus Acanthopsetta Acanthopsetta nadeshnyi Schmidt, 1904.
  • Atheresthes ever manni Jordan & Starks, 1904.
  • Atheresthes stomias ( Jordan & Gilbert, 1880).
  • Cleisthenes herzensteini ( Schmidt, 1904).
  • Cleisthenes pinetorum Jordan & Starks, 1904.
  • Clidoderma asperrimum ( Temminck & Schlegel, 1846).
  • Dexistes rikuzenius Jordan & Starks, 1904.
  • Embassichthys Bathybius ( Gilbert, 1890).
  • Genus Eopsetta
  • Eopsetta grigorjewi ( Heart Stone, 1890).
  • Eopsetta jordani ( Lockington, 1879).
  • Dog tongue ( Glyptocephalus cynoglossus ) (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Glyptocephalus stelleri ( Schmidt, 1904).
  • Glyptocephalus zachirus Lockington, in 1879.
  • Hippoglossoides dubius Schmidt, 1904.
  • Hippoglossoides elassodon Jordan & Gilbert, 1880.
  • American plaice ( Hippoglossoides platessoides ) ( Fabricius, 1780)
  • Hippoglossoides robustus Gill & Townsend, 1897.
  • Halibut ( Hippoglossus hippoglossus ) (Linnaeus, 1758).
  • Pacific halibut ( Hippoglossus stenolepis ) Schmidt, 1904.
  • Hypsopsetta guttulata ( Girard, 1856).
  • Hypsopsetta macrocephala Breder, 1936.
  • Isopsetta Isolepis ( Lockington, 1880).
  • Kareius bicoloratus ( Basilewsky, 1855).
  • Lepidopsetta bilineata ( Ayres, 1855).
  • Lepidopsetta mochigarei Snyder, 1911.
  • Lepidopsetta polyxystra Orr & Matarese, 2000.
  • Pacific dab ( Limanda aspera ) ( Pallas, 1814).
  • Dab ( Limanda limanda ) (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Limanda proboscidea Gilbert, 1896.
  • Limanda punctatissimus ( Steindachner, 1879).
  • Limanda sakhalinensis Hubbs, 1915.
  • Arctic flounder ( Liopsetta glacialis ) ( Pallas, 1776).
  • Liopsetta pinnifasciata (Norman, 1926).
  • Liopsetta putnami ( Gill, 1864).
  • Lyopsetta exilis ( Jordan & Gilbert, 1880).
  • Microstomus achne ( Jordan & Starks, 1904).
  • Lemon sole ( Microstomus kitt ) ( Walbaum, 1792)
  • Pacific witch ( Microstomus pacificus ) ( Lockington, 1879).
  • Microstomus shuntovi Borets, 1983.
  • Parophrys vetulus Girard, 1854.
  • Flounder ( Platichthys flesus) (Linnaeus, 1758).
  • Sternflunder ( Platichthys stellatus ) ( Pallas, 1788).
  • Plaice ( Pleuronectes platessa ) Linnaeus, 1758.
  • Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus Pallas, 1814.
  • Pleuronichthys coenosus Girard, 1854.
  • Pleuronichthys cornutus ( Temminck & Schlegel, 1846).
  • Pleuronichthys decurrens Jordan & Gilbert, 1881.
  • Pleuronichthys ocellatus Starks & Thompson 1910.
  • Pleuronichthys ritteri Starks & Morris, in 1907.
  • Pleuronichthys verticalis Jordan & Gilbert, 1880.
  • Psettichthys melanostictus Girard, 1854.
  • Pseudopleuronectes americanus ( Gill, 1864).
  • Pseudopleuronectes herzensteini ( Schmidt, 1904).
  • Pseudopleuronectes obscurus ( Heart Stone, 1890).
  • Pseudopleuronectes schrenki ( Schmidt, 1904).
  • Pseudopleuronectes Yokohamae ( Günther, 1877).
  • Greenland halibut ( Reinhardtius hippoglossoides ) ( Walbaum, 1792)
  • Tanakius kitaharae ( Jordan & Starks, 1904).
  • Verasper moseri Jordan & Gilbert, 1898.
  • Verasper variegatus ( Temminck & Schlegel, 1846).
Davy Schollen Atlantic halibut David Starr Jordan Hermann Schlegel Theodore Gill William Orville Ayres Yellowtail flounder Franz Steindachner Johann Julius Walbaum FishBase
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