Porolissum

47.17920623.157346Koordinaten: 47 ° 10 ' 45 "N, 23 ° 9' 26" E

Porolissum (Greek Πορόλισσον ) was an ancient Roman city in north-western Dacia. Her bones are buried near the present village Moigrad - Jas in Cluj County in Romania.

History of Research

The Hungarian archaeologists Aladar Radnóti (1913-1972) and László Barkóczi resulted in the war year of 1943 excavations at the fort. Only since the early 1970s, scientific studies take place again. At that time, Romanian archaeologists first came to ongoing excavations by Porolissum. During this work, both remnants of military facilities, as well as remains of the former town have been uncovered - including public baths, an amphitheater and a temple dedicated to Liber Pater. One of the castle gates was rebuilt as a visitor attraction on the ancient foundations, however, shows among other things, its too tight battlements and the lack of circulating cornice to the door and wall an outdated, inaccurate reconstruction level. Currently, a Romanian- American team of archaeologists focused on exposing the forum of the city. In the center of the fort of an underground building has been investigated since 2009, when it could be a Mithraeum.

History

47.23027777777823.126666666667

Porolissum was founded by the Romans after the conquest of Dacia 106. Since the place name can not be explained Porolissum from the Latin, it is believed that there was an older Dacian settlement with a similar sounding names at this point. The Romans built probably the first of several wood connected by a Limeswall forts, in which about 5,000 men auxiliary troops were stationed.

The forts were later replaced by a larger stone fortress on the Pomet Hill. This consisted of about two acres and had four goals. Porolissum was 124 administrative headquarters of the newly formed province of Dacia Porolissensis which she gave her name. A civilian settlement formed on the slopes of Pomet Hill in the next few decades (Latin vicus ). This was 157 a stone amphitheater, offered the room for about 5,000 to 8,000 spectators. After Septimius Severus ( 193-211 ) she got a municipium, it was renamed in Porolissense municipium Septimium and the amphitheater and several temples were renovated. 214 Caracalla visited the city at that time was the total population of the auxiliary troops including about 20,000 inhabitants.

Even after the departure of the Romans in the year 271, the city was still inhabited until it was finally abandoned in the late 10th century and fell into oblivion. In the 19th century it was rediscovered, a systematic, long -term archaeological exploration continued but only one from 1977 and continues to this day.

Conservation

The entire archaeological site and the archaeological site with all temporary construction phases, in particular the castle, the amphitheater and the ancient city stand on the civil law, adopted in 2001 No 422/ 2001 as historical monuments under protection and are in the national list of historic monuments ( Lista Monumentelor Istorice ) registered. The responsible authority is the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage ( Ministerul Culturii şi Patrimoniului Naţional ), in particular the General Directorate of National Heritage, the Department of Fine Arts and the National Commission for Historical Monuments and other important, the Ministry subordinate institutions. Unauthorized excavation, as well as the export of ancient artifacts have been banned in Romania.