Prisoner transport
Prisoner transport is the transport of prisoners and convicts on land, at sea and in the air for the purpose of rendition, " Verschubung " in a jail or other presentation in court.
Applied security measures designed to prevent escape include the captivation ( at least with handcuffs ) and guarding.
The fact that a prisoner must be transported, is quite often the case. This move is also called thrust. It does not have to be a validly convicted offenders, but it can also be a suspect in custody.
The main reasons for transport are:
- Transfer to another prison (for example, by the Investigation into a prison prison )
- Bringing him before a court
- Dispatches to another state (eg, after the arrest of an international arrest warrant )
- Expulsion and deportation
Situation in Germany
Implementers are correctional officers or law enforcement officials.
It is since 2002 nationwide the prisoner transport provision ( GTV ). It is an agreement between the State Justice Administration respectively the Bavarian State Ministry of the Interior.
Transport used
Road
History
Beginning in 1866, was used in Prussia for the prisoner transport special horse. These were secured against the outbreak and painted green, which is why they also popularly Green Minna ( Minna is a pet form of Wilhelmina) were called. Regional designations of the Green August, (including in Swabia ) and Henry Green used (eg in Austria ). It is controversial whether with " green " actually the color of the transports of prisoners was meant or whether the name is a derivation of Rotwelschen " greaner " ( crooks ).
Road transport in Germany
For the transport of special escape-proof vehicles are used in Germany, while there are different sizes ( minibus to coach). Minibuses are equipped with a cage, which offers a maximum of six prisoners place. The so-called major thrust buses, also known as prisoner transport buses, however, have several lockable transport cells, partly for 1, 2 or 4 prisoners. The minimum crew to law enforcement officials is there two, usually there are three. There is a network of thrust buses that regularly commute between the correctional facilities. Across Germany, about 2000 buses in use, the transport approximately 6000 prisoners daily. Since these buses are a fixed line traffic between detention centers, it is common that a relocation from northeast to southwest for the prisoner is a multi-week trip.
Railway
The Jail Train ( Gefangenenzug ) is a special train that runs regularly between the major cities, there is in Switzerland ( Geneva -Lausanne -Bern -Basel - Zurich ). For two baggage control cars were rebuilt as required. This is coupled with a Re 4 /4 or a RBe 540 and operates as a shuttle. The trains will be used by the Cantonal Justice Directorates for moving hazardous prisoner. The car itself is guarded by Securitas. Hazardous and vulnerable people are moved by road vehicles (with and without an escort vehicles).
This train was introduced because the European Court of Human Rights criticized the fact that the former practice of transport took place in the prison cell of the baggage car without accompaniment, changing at stations for reasons of personal rights questionable and the whole transport was inhumane. The trains stop at stations now at platforms to which there is a direct access option for the police. The Swiss Federal Railways wanted a change because the trains running on the main axis IC2000 and ICN no more prison cells should be installed.
In the United States there was to the middle of the 20th century also prisoner transport trains. Today, the air is preferred for the shift to long distances.
Aircraft
In Central Europe, is deported by default by plane ( expulsion), otherwise this means of transport is used only in very large countries. In the United States there since 1995 for transporting prisoners, the state-owned airline Justice Prisoner and Alien Transportation System (Con Air).
Ship
This possibility of the prisoner transport is now used only in a few regions, such as Venice.