Provençal dialect

Provençal (French Provençal, proper name per (u ) vençau ) is the name of a Romance language spoken in southern France or group of languages ​​.

Meanings

The term is used in different meanings:

Occitan

Provençal in the wider sense is synonymous with Occitan (ISO 639-1: oc; ISO 639-2 and 639-3 oci ) and referred to as a generic term the whole of the original languages ​​of southern France (except Basque, Corsican and the closely related Catalan). The Occitan languages ​​are ordered by their affirmation particles oc (from the Latin hoc) as langues d'oc of the langues d' oïl ( oïl Old French, from Latin hoc illud, today oui ), the languages ​​of northern France, distinguished.

Likewise Altprovenzalisch is sometimes to about 1500 used in the further significance for the Occitan time (ISO 639-2 and 639-3 per ).

This overarching importance of Provençal and Altprovenzalisch was common, especially in the older Romance. In more recent research increasingly clearer terms Occitan or Altokzitanisch be used and Provençal meaning is concentrated ( see next section).

Occitan in Provence

Provençal in the narrower sense (now retired designation according to ISO 639-3: prv ) denotes only one of the subgroups of Occitan, namely mainly in the countryside Provence spoken varieties of Occitan. Provençal in this narrower meaning is divided into four sub- dialects:

• Thiocyanato - Provençal: Vaucluse and northern Bouches -du -Rhône, including Arles and Marseille
• Maritimes Provençal: southern Bouches -du -Rhone, Var and Alpes- Maritimes Western
• Alpinprovenzalisch (also vivaro - alpin or Gavot called ): Provençal Alps and some language islands in northern Italy
• Nissart (or crossed Nicols ): Nice and the surrounding area

The Provencal dialect group is bounded on the east by the North Italian, on the north by the Frankoprovenzalische, in the north- west by the Auvergnat and to the west and southwest by the Languedokische.

Occitan literary language

As Altprovenzalisch were referred in the earlier research on the one hand, the Altokzitanische general ( see first section ), on the other hand, especially the medieval Occitan Trobadordichtung southern France. This Altprovenzalisch the troubadours is equated not with the older language stage of Provencal in the narrower sense ( see previous section), but it is a written language or Koine mainly on the basis of the Limousin and Languedokischen ( Tolosan ), in the words and word forms of different variants have found the Occitan input. It was used until the 13th century as a relatively unified written language of poetry and administration. As an official language it was then completely replaced until the 16th century by the French, while they lost the rest of Scripture use since the late Middle Ages a strong regionalization.

Attempts at resuscitation

The Provencal in the narrower sense (see above) made ​​since the 19th century, the starting point for resuscitation. The writer and Nobel Prize laureate Frédéric Mistral tried with his colleagues a literary language based on the Provençal to establish itself by issuing a dictionary ( dou Trésor Félibrige ) and literary works published in this language. More recently, attempts at resuscitation grab predominantly back to the Languedokische.