Pulsatilla
Common Pasque flower (Pulsatilla vulgaris)
The cowbells or Pasque Flower (Pulsatilla ) constitute a genus in the family Ranunculaceae ( Ranunculaceae ). Genetic studies have shown that the species of this genus actually the Windflower (Anemone ) in which they were originally described by Linnaeus, could be attributed. Your all species bloom in the spring and they are native to Eurasia and North America. The botanical genus name derives from the Latin for pulsare ring, beat off and refers to the bell-shaped flowers of many species.
Description
The cowbells are perennial herbaceous plants. They are upright as outlasting rhizomes. Leaves and stems are usually long, soft, hairy silver-gray. The standing together in basal rosette leaves are long stalks and feathery one or more times or fingered, with fiederspaltigen to fiederschnittigen leaflets.
In the inflorescence stem is a whorl of three reduced to varying degrees and at the base usually intergrown with each other leaves that form a bell- shaped envelope. The hermaphrodite, radial symmetry flowers are individually at the end of the stem. The white, pink, purple or red perianth does not consist of two mutually very different circles from three bloom cladding that are outside most densely hairy shaggy. The shape of the flower is often like a bell or an anemone. The diminutive Kühchen has led to the designation Kitchen clamp. The botanical name is also from the bell-shaped flowers form (Latin pulsare " beat ", " ring "). There are many yellow or purple -colored, free stamens present and except for Pulsatilla kostyczewii a number of staminodes ( staminodialen nectaries ). The numerous, not intergrown carpels each have only one ovule. The long pen are spring -like and enlarge to fruit maturity.
In a spherical fruit stand many small spindle-shaped nutlets ( " achenes " ) standing together that develop each consisting of a free carpel in which the stylus, greatly elongated and hairy shaggy, forms a spring tail. The fruits of the cowbells are feather tail gliders and bore themselves with sharp points by hygroscopic movements even deep into the soil.
Ingredients
Kuhschellen contain like all Hahnenfußgewächse the toxic protoanemonin. The leaves contain Anemonol which loses its activity during the drying.
Systematics and distribution
It is a genus in the Northern Hemisphere. The range extends from Eurasia to North America. Eleven species occur in China.
There are about 33 species in the genus Pasque Flower (Pulsatilla ) ( selection):
- Caucasian Kuhschelle or Yellowish anemone, home (Pulsatilla albana ( Stev. ) Bercht & J.Presl. ): Turkey, Caucasus, Transcaucasia, Iran
- Pulsatilla ajanensis rule Til et.
- Alpine Pasque Flower (Pulsatilla alpina Delarbre ), with the sub- types: Alpine Pasque Flower (Pulsatilla alpina alpina subsp Delarbre. ), Origin: Mountains of Europe, Caucasus
- Small Alpine Pasque Flower or Brockenanemone (. Pulsatilla alpina ssp austriaca Aichele & Schwegler; Syn: Pulsatilla alba Rchb, P. alpina subsp alba ( Rchb. ) Zämelis & Paegle. . ), Mountains of Europe
- Yellow Alpine Pasque Flower (. Pulsatilla alpina subsp apiifolia Nyman; syn. P. alpina subsp sulphurea ( DC.) Zämelis. ), Origin: Mountains of Europe
- Yellowish finger Pasque Flower (Pulsatilla patens subsp flavescens ( Zucc. ) Zämelis, Syn. Pulsatilla flavescens ( Zucc. ) Juz. ), Origin: birch, larch and pine forests, meadows and river valleys in Eastern Europe, Siberia and Mongolia
- Pulsatilla patens subsp. hirsutissima Zämelis
- Pulsatilla patens subsp. multifida ( Pritz. ) Zämelis
- Pulsatilla patens ( L.) Mill subsp. patens
- Pulsatilla pratensis subsp. bohemica Skalický