Puyallup tribe
The Puyallup (formerly also S'Puyalupubsh ) are among the Indians referred to as Native Americans and live in the U.S. state of Washington. Culturally, they are among the coastal Salish. Initially, they spoke a language of the Salish family, the Lushootseed. 2008, more than 3,800 people were part of the Puyallup Tribe of Indians.
The meaning of the name is unclear. So there is conjecture, Puyallup is the name of the local river estuary have been or have "shadow " means, in allusion to the dense forest cover.
History
According to the regional mythological ideas, the Puyallup and its surroundings were a Transformer ( Transformer, sometimes called Changer ) back. This Dokibat was also the teacher of the man who had taught them all their skills.
The area of Puyallup originally bordered to the Puget Sound and extended approximately 25 km east of Commencement Bay, where Tacoma is located today. But the trunk was not very stable location, so that he was to be found about the Carr Inlet and south of Vashon Iceland. The Puyallup lived mainly on fish, and supplemented their diet with berries, rhizomes, roots, and - after the first contacts with Europeans - with tomatoes.
First Europeans fur trade
Already George Vancouver and Peter Puget likely to be encountered them. 1833 founded the Hudson 's Bay Company Fort Nisqually on Puget Sound. However, the region in 1846 was assigned to the United States in the border treaty between Great Britain and the USA, so the company had to give up their posts south of the 49th parallel.
Treaty of Medicine Creek, Reserve
Isaac Ingalls Stevens, the first governor of Washington Territory was established in 1853, at the same time, the Superintendent of Indian Affairs and superintendent of the Northern Pacific Railroad Survey. The Puyallup lost in this time about two-thirds of its members a, for around 100 of the 150 tribal members were probably smallpox victim.
On December 24, 1854 several tribes joined the Treaty of Medicine Creek. In Puyallup, Nisqually and Squaxin to Iceland three reserves ( reservations ) were established. But the area was small ( 1,280 acre ( unit ) | Acre ) and of poor equipment. The Upper Puyallup rose, part of the strain was brought to them by the Indian agents JV Weber in security and housed on Squaxin Iceland. On January 20, 1857, the reservation gradually to 18 062 acres ( around 73 km ²) was extended. Lengthy negotiations led in 1873 and 1886 to new boundaries. In the reserve next to the Puyallup lived some Cowlitz, Nisqually, Muckleshoot, Steilacum and other groups.
Forced land sale, mission
When in 1873 the Northern Pacific Railway was looking for a destination station, they found him in the yet to be established Tacoma ( from Mt Takkobad ), at the Commencement Bay. The Indians were forced to sell their land. The granting of reservation ended in 1886. This year, the majority of the Indians were forced to move to Seattle, where 178 were so-called allotments established. Only one strip of territory was jointly owned by the tribe. On August 19, 1890, the Congress to approve the sale of Puyallup Reservation country decided to give the residents of the now grown to 40,000 inhabitants city of Tacoma land acquisition opportunities.
Since the 1870s the denominational policy of President Ulysses S. Grant had seen to it that the Catholic influence that was present since the 1840s, has been pushed back to make a Protestant place. At the same time the Puyallup were urged to work the land as farmers. Thus, the proportion of farmland rose in the Reserve 1871-1880 from 291 to 1200 acres. Several schools were built in the reserve, which in 1906 from the Puyallup Indian School, a trade school for all the Indians of the region was. In 1910, she attracted many students, and they now bore the name of Cushman Indian Trade School.
A law of 1893 stipulated that unsold reserve land remain in tribal ownership and ten years should not be sold. About half of the Reservation was then still sold in the years to 1909, most families had sold. This year, the Puyallup lost a lawsuit against the creeping expropriation at bargain basement prices. Some of the residents continued to provide resistance and even 1950 were still 10 families on a few acres of land. 1899 received railroad companies to build the Home Office a blank approval by Indian territory. A commission took over the country, but which has been resold to significant parts of timber companies and land speculators.
Limited self-government, fight for fishing rights
1937 included the report of the United States Office of Indian Affairs 322 Puyallup. Since 1936, the Puyallup obtained a limited self-government, with the government business is run by a tribal council, a tribal council. 1929 was one of the root 344 registered members, in 1937 only 322
Bob Satiacum, a leading figure of Puyallup, advocated mainly for their fishing rights. To this end he could about Marlon Brando win. In March 1964, Brando participated in a protest action, a fish- in, part, in which the tribe demanded his guaranteed fishing rights. It came to occupations and hundreds of police were protesting against the Indians, and other tribes used. On October 13, 1965 Puyallup six were arrested at Frank's Landing. It came on 15 January 1969 to the extremely harsh judgments. But in February 1974, Judge George Boldt that the Indians have the right to fish, but only with a claim to 50 % of the total catches.
A private court ( since the early 70s), a self- equipped and trained troops are now using the fishing rights and control its own fishermen. This Fish & Wildlife are responsible for fauna and hunting rights, land enforcement for land rights.
Restitution, compensation
In a dispute, the Supreme Court of the United States operated on February 20, 1984, the judgment of a Court of Appeal that as many as 12 acres ( approximately 48,500 m² ) of the resulting 1950 Port of Tacoma belonged to Puyallup - 270 Acre which is determined by diversion of water the years 1918 and 1940 were gone. The area stretched from the Commencement Bay southeast to Puyallup. When land claim of a breakthrough in August 1988. An agreement between the Puyallup Tribe of Indians, the local government of Pierce County, Washington State, the Government of the United States and the affected private landowners has been approved by Congress. Against giving up their land claims, the Indians were given 900 acres of land. President George HW Bush signed in February 1989 a bill passed over by the Puyallup land rights to the federal government. The tribe were paid for $ 77,250,000 of an agreed total of 162 million. Of which paid the Port of Tacoma, 43, of Washington State 21, further 11.4 million paid private companies as well as 9 million local administrative units. Each tribesman from 21 received $ 20,000 and a housing program was carried out.
There should be a Trust Management to be set up to manage $ 22 million, as well as a Fisheries Enhancement Program, a program to improve the fishery. There were also professional training, the promotion of self-employment, a Social and Health Service to improve the social and health situation, finally a program that should take care of the elders ( Elders ), and a day center as well as the navigation Blair Project.
Numerous Puyallup dared now to stand up for their descent, the other this lineage became aware only after the dispute over the recognition as a tribe. In addition, the " percentage of Indian blood " ( indian blood quantum ) was reduced, which was required for entry in the tribal list. 1989 7.987 people were already recognized as Puyallup, in the tribal role are more than 3,800 names.
Today, close to Tacoma carry a place, a river and one of the largest fairs ( Puyallup Fair) her name.
Reservation
The Puyallup live since 1854 in an Indian Reservation (Indian reservation ) on the territory of today's Tacoma. Basis of this settlement is the Treaty of Medicine Creek. The Puyallup Indian Reservation extends mainly in northern Pierce County, a small portion is located in King County. It has an area of 73.935 km ² and in 2000 was home to just 41 341 people. However, only a 3.2% descendants of the original, the majority forming Indians.
Current situation
The current leader of the tribe is Herman Dillon. A significant part of the income of Puyallup originates since 1997 the operation of the Emerald Queen Casino, a casino on a river boat. But 2004 had to give the boat a port extension. Thus was created in 2004 in Tacoma a new casino in a preliminary tent construction. The casino together with attached hotel (140 rooms) in Fife was born 2005. Puyallup have created a total of nearly 2,000 jobs. As early as 1991 he had procured funds to which first went into the so-called Bingo Hall at the Commencement Bay.
For several years, a monthly newsletter is published and it was a tribal archive set. Since many services are tied to the status of an Indian, the dispute turns again and again to the 1929 furnished role in which the legitimate Indians were first registered. Meanwhile, however, are again more than 3,800 people on this role.
A separate Historic Preservation Office ( 3009 E. Portland Avenue / Tacoma ) provides information on the history of the Puyallup and prepares their narratives.
On 1 May 2007, the Puyallup signed a Letter of Intent ( Memorandum of Understanding ) with SSA Marine / Seattle for the joint construction of a container terminal, which is to provide several hundred jobs.