Quantum Darwinism

The quantum Darwinism is a theory that describes a rating based on Darwinian selection emergence of the classical world from the quantum world. It was owned by Wojciech Zurek and a research group, whose members Ollivier, Poulin, Paz and flower - Kohout proposed. The development of the theory is that there are links to some research areas Zureks back: so-called pointer states (pointer states ) that are robust in their environment and do not smudge, the theory of decoherence and the einselection ( "environment -induced super selection", caused by the environment selection of states). Zurek operates this research for 25 years.

Effects

Similar Zureks theory of envariance (of " entanglement -assisted invariance ", ie the assisted by quantum entanglement invariance ), explains the quantum Darwinism, like the classical world emerges from the quantum world and offers possible solutions to the measurement problem in quantum physics, which is the biggest challenge to the field of quantum theory is. This problem arises from the fact that the vector of the quantum state, the source of all knowledge about quantum systems, developed according to the Schrödinger equation to a linear superposition of different states, thus conflicting situations such as " Schrödinger's Cat " can be predicted - situations that never take place in our classical world. The quantum theory, this problem usually treated as if it were dissolved by a non- unitary transformation of the state vector in a definite state at the time of the measurement.

It provides a very accurate way of assessing the value of the final state, which in the form of a probability for each possible measurement value is measured.

The physical character of the transition from the superposition of the states to uniquely measured classical state is not explained by the traditional theory, but usually treated as an axiom, and was the basis for the - perhaps most famous in the history of physics - the completeness of quantum theory -related dispute between Niels Bohr and Albert Einstein.

The Quantum Darwinism describes the transition of quantum systems from the huge potential of quantum systems for very limited amount of pointer states as a selection process of the so-called einselection, which is exposed by his constant interaction with the environment the quantum system. All quantum interactions, measurement processes included, but typically more interactions with the environment, such as a photon sea, in the plunge all quantum systems, lead to a quantum coherence or the manifestation of the quantum system on a particular basis, which by the nature of the interaction, to the quantum system is involved, is prescribed. In the case of interaction with the environment Zurek and his collaborators have shown that a preferred basis, in the dekohäriert a quantum system, the pointer basis is the predictable classical states is based. In this way, the pointer states of classical reality from quantum reality are selected and exist in a state at the macroscopic level, which a further development - evolution - allows.

Since the interaction of a quantum system with its environment results in a detection of many redundant copies of information about its pointer states, such information is made available to many observers, who know they can agree on their information regarding the quantum state. This aspect of the einselection that of Zurek, " Environment as Witness - The environment as a witness " is referred leads potentially to objective knowledge.

The significance of Darwinism

Maybe it's just as important to identify this theory as a Darwinian process, which operates as a selection mechanism, and our classical reality creates. How many scientists have made clear, is any system that includes a Darwinian process, develop ( evolve ). Darwinian processes are not limited to biology, but are always those that make the simple Darwinian algorithms result:

The quantum Darwinism seems to follow this algorithm, and to be therefore chosen the name aptly.

From this perspective, Darwinism provides a Darwinian explanation of the basis of our reality and explains the history or the evolution of our classical macroscopic world. It is perhaps surprising that the same mechanism that enables the emergence of classical reality from quantum reality, is considered according to scientific theories as a mechanism that enables the emergence of biology from chemistry and culture from biology.