Rage (emotion)

The anger ( in elevated speech in Latin or French Rage Fury ) is a violent emotion, and often an impulsive and aggressive reaction ( affect), triggered by a situation perceived as unpleasant or comments, such as an insult. Anger is more violent than the anger and difficult to master than the anger. Who often gets in anger, is considered tyrant. Implicit is stated thus: who easily falls in a rage, is less well able to control himself.

The derivation of the Italian expression furore for " frenzied applause " and " passion " will make in connection with a sensation as "a great a stir " and "Cheers gain " defined.

Perspective of psychology

Psychologists demarcate the rage of anger by speaking of a "higher level of arousal " and greater intensity. " From anger is called when the matter that bothers us is not primarily related to our ego, but on something overarching ... Anger is a little more distant than the rage ( ... )" ( Verena Kast, from the sense of anger ).

The emergence of anger is explained psychologically analogous to the development of aggression. There are three main theories:

• The drive theory by Sigmund Freud. It comes from an innate instinct of aggression. If it is suppressed in principle, it comes to mental disorders.
• The frustration-aggression theory assumes that aggression principle are reactions to frustration. Anger is therefore an abreaction.
• The learning theory by Albert Bandura represents aggression as a learned behavior; they had a pattern of behavior that will trained by certain experiences and learning from examples.

There is in psychology but also cross-curricular approaches in which several explanations are addressed.

The expressions of anger and aggression go Rainer Schandry (see below) in the basic elements for genetic foundations back in the design of outbursts in certain specific situations, however, on learning processes and cognitive processes. Form and nature of the outbursts, the actual behavior of a Wutausbruchs geared accordingly to social norms and role models that can develop in different ways in different societies and social areas.

Tantrum

General

Under tantrum is defined as a usually short-term partial or complete loss of control over the emotion of anger; to call this the affect. Tantrums directed against people, animals, institutions, or things and often have a specific cause, but must be identical to the target the associated attack does not necessarily. The tantrum is also referred to as over-reaction and therefore is considered in most cultures as a weakness of character. Similarly, it is often referred to as strength of character, not to be fazed, but to maintain composure and stay cool.

In principle, every person can suffer a tantrum in exceptional circumstances and under a lot of stress, but a tendency toward such in adults is considered to be choleric. In young children include tantrums at a certain stage of mental development.

Tantrums are also typical for some mental disorders such as when hospitalism / Deprivationssyndrom, in autism ( Kanner 's syndrome or Asperger's syndrome). Here come tantrums exceptionally often, longer than average and usually very intensively. Even with the mentally retarded, it is easier to make tantrums because their ability to control and processing such strong emotions is often limited.

A tantrum can be evoked intentionally or unintentionally. This often satisfy even small stimulus words or actions that really have no meaning in itself. The phrase " bring someone up the wall " describes this image. In addition to the external trigger there is also the opportunity to present themselves to increase in a tantrum.

Temper tantrums in children

In children aged one to four years tantrums are a common and normal behavior. Disappointments lead to many children in this age group to escalating physical and verbal responses such as self- on - the -ground throwing, crying, screaming, kicking, hitting and throwing objects. Fatigue and hunger can reinforce the behavior. In parents counselors is usually advised to ignore tantrums to remain calm and to teach the child self-control by setting a good example. When children make the experience that they can enforce effectively with tantrums, this may become a learned habit. The American pediatrician William Sears, however, distinguishes between manipulative tantrums on the one hand, that should be discouraged by failure to comply with, and Disenchantment tantrums on the other hand, where the child really consolation and encouragement needed to accomplish the task to which it is afraid to fail, but still.

Many parents counselors not only techniques of crisis management are described, but also methods of prevention and early de-escalation of impending tantrums. In many schools, a training nowadays is maintained in which children learn to resolve conflicts verbally.

Can this behavior with the maturation - particularly with the development of Verbalisationsfähigkeit - not to or is continuing through the fourth year of life also, so it might have become chronic or indicate a diagnosis in need of disorder, and a child psychologist should be consulted.

Dealing with anger

The anger is considered in most cultures as reprehensible and is not socially acceptable. Do not corresponds to the expected social behavior. Nevertheless, it helps in many cases to enforce the will of.

Scientific studies show that often repressed anger can cause illness, similar to constant exposure to stress. As observed health effects, among others, elevated cholesterol, high blood pressure, increased risk of heart attacks and diseases of the cardiovascular system are known. Nevertheless, the constant acting out of aggression does not reduce the risk of suffering from the diseases mentioned. On the contrary, it even increases. The explanation for this is that anger the production of adrenaline and noradrenaline increases, so of stress hormones. These affect the others on coagulation.

Some psychologists believe that suppressed anger is a cause of depression, eating disorders and alcoholism.

In the self-help literature is often recommended to express anger appropriately or channel, such as sports, conversations, imagination, creative expression or relaxation methods.