Rainberg
The Rain mountain from the southeast
The Rainberg is the smallest of the Salzburg city hills, in the midst of the formerly eponymous city district Ried castle. It is an extension of the monk mountain, 511 meters high at the highest point and is like the monk mountain of conglomerate ( pudding stone ), solidified with lime mortar river gravel, which had been deposited here as a river delta.
History
The Rainberg was already settled in the oldest Neolithic. Settlement activity persisted in the sequence more than 5000 years ( while the copper, of bronze, of iron, of Hallstatt and the La Tène period ), up by 15 BC the Romans invaded by Emperor Augustus and the last living here Celtic alums in the area of today's Old Town relocated.
The amount of settlement that was discovered on the Rainberg, was the most important of the early historical settlement places on the island Salzburg mountains around the old town. The encountered in this place archaeological materials was usually barely discovered quarrying through targeted excavations. Ceramic and metal objects from the La Tène make the major portion of ( vessels, tools, jewelry, brooches, coins ), a scientific analysis of the finds until now (2012 ) hardly occurs. The most striking find is a Eberstatuette of bronze, which is dated to the 1st century BC.
Originally called the Mount Rain Ried High Castle ( Ritinburg "a rupe que Ritinburc appelatur ", 1139 ) or kiln -hole mountain. In the 19th century, the name Ried castle then passed to the newly created district.
1525 beat the rebellious peasants in the siege of the fortress Hohensalzburg their camp "on the Riedenburg " ( on Rainberg ) on.
1680 leased the court officials Christoph clean ride the High Castle. Since then, the mountain is named after this tenant also Rainberg. In Rainberg are several caverns that have been created as an air raid shelter and today partly still in use.
Ever since the early Middle Ages Rainbergstraße is used as a conglomerate quarry. The mountain was reinforced after 1680 and dismantled after 1857. Since 1941/42, Rainbergstraße is protected as a cultural monument. Since that time, rests also the degradation. Since about 1955, the mountain can not be entered. Since 1868 the steppe slope stands at Rainberg because of its unique heat-loving plants and wildlife protected, since 1986 also the Forest of Rain mountain is protected as a forest reserve.
On the lower part of the Rain mountain is the Academic Gymnasium Salzburg.
Natural forest reserve
The Rainberg is as natural forest reserve (No. 1 ), as well as protected landscape area ( GLT00053/Sbg: 19) reported the extent of 6.2 ha ( 1986). The Impenetrable summit area of 3.3 ha is also Biogenetic Reserve. It is a colline mixed deciduous forest ( altitude range 440-511 here ), as is characteristic of the foothills of the Alps.
Overall, the protected area for the conservation area monk mountain Rainberg ( 83.84 ha, LSG00042 ) belongs.
Rocky steppe on Rainberg
The south-facing slope on the steppe Rainberg is a relic of the post-glacial warm period, as here, was given a warm steppe climate. In the oldest Neolithic early settlers then working the soil and further obtained by grazing livestock grazing grass on the southern slope of the Mount Rain. The settlement on Rainberg lasted nearly 5000 years following 2000 years was the mountain but more extensive pasture (unless used as a quarry ). Today, goats are continuing the age-old care of the small steppe slope. On the steppe slope a remarkable heat- loving plants and wildlife could keep millennia: dyer's broom, Big speedwell, hill Meier, Upright Ziest, Austrian mountain mint, Schiller grass, Amethystschwingel, Verschiedenblättriger fescue, pale fescue and others. Also rare butterflies and grasshoppers live here.
The rocky steppe on Rainberg is also protected as part of the landscape ( GLT00052/Sbg: 20). recognized to the extent of 0.4 ha ( 4,000 m²) ( also 1986). Until 1998 it was designated as a nature monument. The Nature Conservation Act 1977 saw but for such natural areas for the protection of a protected Lsandschaftsteiles and not a natural monument. In natural monument also larger portions of the forest were included, there being disagreed with the content protection of the natural monument with the protective purposes of the Natural Forest Reserve.