Raisa Gorbachova
Raisa Gorbachev, born Titarenko (Russian Раиса Максимовна Горбачёва, scientific transliteration Raisa Maksimovna Gorbačëva; born January 5, 1932 in Rubtsovsk, Altai Krai, USSR; † September 20, 1999 in Münster, Germany ) was a Russian sociologist. As the wife of Mikhail Gorbachev, she was an influential, socially and culturally engaged woman in the Soviet Union and Russia.
Life
Childhood and youth
Raisa Titarenko was born in 1932 as the oldest of three siblings. Her father Maxim Andreyevich Titarenko was a Ukrainian railway engineer from Chernihiv, her mother Alexandra came from Siberia. She spent her childhood in Siberia and the Urals. After the outstanding high school diploma in Sterlitamak ( awarded gold medal ), she studied at the Moscow State University, Philosophy and Sociology and met the farmer's son Mikhail Gorbachev know who studied law there. In 1953 they married, and after her graduation in 1957, they moved to Stavropol, where they lived for 23 years. Gorbachev worked as a lawyer at his rise in the party and Komsomol; Raisa Gorbachev initially worked as an editor in the municipal library and then taught in their area of expertise in schools and at the Agricultural Institute. 1957, the only daughter Irina was born.
Scientific work and career
1967 published Gorbatschowa her candidacy dissertation in sociology under the title emergence of new features of the life of the collective farmers (based on sociological research in the Stavropol region ) ( Формирование новых черт быта колхозного крестьянства ( по материалам социологических исследований в Ставропольском крае ) ), in which they drew attention to the plight of the rural residents in the Stavropol region.
1978 the family moved Gorbachev to Moscow, where Mikhail Gorbachev secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU was. The new life circumstances brought extensive material privileges with themselves; Raisa Gorbachev has still been working in Moscow. Until 1985, when her husband was Secretary-General, she taught at the Moscow State University in the philosophical and sociological subjects.
Wife of the Secretary-General and President
1986 - as the " First Lady" of the Soviet Union - they founded together with other scientists and artists the Soviet Cultural Foundation, which deals with many celebrities committed to the promotion of museums, the preservation of old churches and monuments, libraries and archives, etc. began.
Addition to their cultural commitment Raisa Gorbachev had the patronage of several social organizations and projects, the charity for the children of Chernobyl, an international aid organization of children's hematologist and the Moscow Central Children's Hospital. In 1987 she was named by the British magazine Woman 's Own Woman of the Year. In the climate of opening the Iron Curtain between the Soviet Union and the West, they played a significant role as companion and advisor Mikhail Gorbachev. She entertained international relations and was honored with honorary doctorates in Europe, America and Asia.
Due to their comparatively glamorous appearance but she was also controversial in the economically stressed during the Gorbachev era population of the Soviet Union. During the growing unrest in the final stages of the Soviet Union, criticism and intrigue but was also used specifically against Raisa Gorbachev to meet politically they Mikhail Gorbachev.
Life in Post-Soviet Russia
After the military coup of 1991 and Gorbachev's resignation from his post as president of the Soviet Union in 1991 that established a foundation to support social economic and political research - the Gorbachev Fund, in its work with Raisa Gorbachev was committed. In addition, in 1997 they founded the club Raisa Gorbachev in which highly qualified professional women spoke up with conferences, charities and support specific projects for the improvement of the living conditions of women in Russia.
Raisa Gorbachev was already suffering for some time before the coup of leukemia. Multiple infarcts and an eye disease made her to create. On September 20, 1999, she died in the University Hospital of Münster, where she had been treated since the summer of the year, at the age of 67 years to Megakaryozytenleukämie. She was buried in Moscow at the cemetery of the Novodevichy Monastery.
Works
- Life means hope. Memories and thoughts. Autobiography ( Я надеюсь ... 1991 ), ISBN 3-7857-0637-5