Raised-relief map

As a cartographic relief (including relief model or Geoplastik called ) a full-scale, three-dimensional -physical replica of a part is it refers to the earth's surface with highlighting of the site in cartography. Relief models are usually inflated, so that the viewer can perceive the characteristic landforms of the area shown lighter.

Use

Cartographic relief come, for example, in the classroom for use.

Embossed relief depictions of plastic film can be found inter alia in tourism advertising, to lead guests the landscape (eg ski area with lifts ) can vividly.

A special reliefs of landscapes, which were especially popular in the 19th and budding 20th century. Here are - greatly reduced - Landscapes relief - ie spatially - represented. Outstanding Reliefbaukünstler Switzerland were especially Xaver Imfeld and Eduard Imhof.

Camber

Cant is to increase the height scale over the length scale. The degree of magnification is the terrain type and scale of the relief model dependent. Scale models of mountain landscapes should not be excessive. For Mountain cant factors are 2-4 common for lowlanders in exceptional cases up to a factor of 10

Production

Today the production of relief models is mainly based on digital terrain models with modern milling machines.

Alternatively reliefs can be produced by thermoforming of plastics in high numbers.

History

The first currently known cartographic relief in Europe, which depicts the area around Kufstein in Austria, was made by the Austrian painter and cartographer Paul Dax in the first half of the 16th century. In China this presentation, however, was known much earlier.

Largest cartographic relief

The largest plastic landscape of Europe is located in Villach, Carinthia, Austria, where all of Carinthia reduced at a scale of 1:10,000 was prepared in a total area of ​​182 m². This monument was erected in 1913, but to this day remains the largest landscape sculpture in Europe.

Not far from the city of Yinchuan in China has been using the software Google Earth, a relief model discovered (38 ° 15 ' 57 "N, 105 ° 57 ' 2" O38.265811111111105.95063333333 ). The relief model lying in a military area has a length of 900 m and a width of 700 m. It shows the 2400 km distant highland region of Aksai Chin on the western edge of Tibet, north-east of Kashmir. Main article: terrain model at Huangyangtan

Exhibition of reliefs

The Swiss Alpine Museum in Bern, with more than 250 exhibits of the world's largest mountain site collection in the world.

Great relief collections in Germany have, among other things, the Alpine Museum Kempten in Kempten ( Allgäu) and the Dresden Institute of Cartography.

Known Geoplastiker

  • Karl Wenschow (1884-1947): The eponymous method laid the foundations for the industrial production of cartographic precision reliefs.
  • Franz Ludwig Pfyffer (1716-1802)
  • Franz Keil (1822-1876)
  • Xaver Imfeld (1853-1909)
  • Eduard Imhof (1895-1986)
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