Raúl Pateras Pescara
Raúl Pateras Pescara ( * 1890 in Buenos Aires, † 1966 in Paris), marquis of Pateras -Pescara, was an Argentine aviation pioneer and inventor. He designed seaplanes, helicopters and engines and compressors and invented the eponymous variant of a free-piston engine.
Life and work
Around the turn of the century went Pescara family who comes from Italy, from Argentina to Europe.
In Paris he worked with Gustave Eiffel in wind tunnel tests on a torpedo plane that Pateras Pescara was called. In 1912 the Italian Ministry of the Navy tested the first torpedo bomber, which was based on Pescara's design. At the beginning of World War Pescara worked with the aviation pioneer Alberto Santos Dumont in Paris.
There followed numerous designs and patents whose first on 7 April 1917 in Spain under no. 63 659 was granted; to 1929 should follow 98 more patents.
Helicopter
From 1919 Pescara developed a number of helicopters, which were based on the coaxial construction. This is compensated for by two opposite on the same axis rotors whose torque.
The basic design is in its tenth, French Pat. Described 533 820, which was filed on February 21, 1920, entitled " HELICOPTERE rationnel ". By 1923, Pescara submitted more than forty patents on helicopters.
Pescara's most successful model was called ' No.3' and was built as an evolution of two previous models, in 1923. 1924 a series of flights over more than 10 minutes were performed. As with the predecessors of two coaxially arranged double - rotors came with four pair of sheets used, which were attached to a common rotor mast. A 180 -hp Hispano- Suiza engine got the drive and was cooled by a water cooler Lamblin at the rear of the vehicle. Despite the elaborate and complicated by later standards of construction was the Pescara No.3 in relation to its direct competitor, the built by the Frenchman Étienne Öhmichen Oehmichen No.2, simple design.
On April 18, 1924 Pescara flew No.3 at Issy -les -Moulineaux, a distance of 736 meters, beating the four days earlier established by Öhmichen world record by double. The flight time was 4 minutes 11 seconds, at a height of 1.8 meters and a speed of about 13 km / h
The remarkable thing about Pescara's success is primarily that his helicopter unlike Œhmichens and other rotor aircraft this time the advance is not reached by conventional propeller. Rather, the angle of attack of the blades 16 could be adjusted during operation by being twisted in its longitudinal axis. This tipped the imaginary rotor axis and produced a thrust in the desired direction. Pescara used for the first time cyclic and collective pitch control to control - a principle that is used to this day consistently at rotor aircraft. In addition, auto-rotation could be used if the engine fails.
Further technical data of the Pescara No.3:
- Engine power 135 kW
- Rotor diameter: 7.20 m
- Takeoff weight: 1000 kg
- Empty weight: 850 kg
Car and engine
In 1929 Pescara founded together with his brother Henri, the Italian engineer and Moglia of the Spanish Government, the Fábrica Nacional de car Móviles SA (national automobile factory ) with a capital of 70 million pesetas.
As a first result of the Nacional Pescara in 1931 exhibited at the Motor Show in Paris. The car was equipped with an eight-cylinder engine and won the 1931 European Grand Prix for coastal race.
On February 28, 1933, the Pescara car compressor Company was launched in Luxembourg. She remained thirty years in the business and held six French patents, especially the technology of compressor motors. Co-owner was the Pescara & Raymond Corporation of Dover, Delaware, United States.
Between 1934 and 1935, the Swiss Locomotive and Machine Works tried with Pescara's help in the construction of automobiles which should be marketed as SLM Pescara. The only completed vehicle took over Pescara.
During the Second World War Pescara worked in Portugal on electrical power supplies.
Free piston machines
With the eponymous variant of the free-piston engine, which he first presented in 1934, Pescara achieved sustained attention. These are heat engines that can generate a simple structure without crank mechanism from a fuel such as compressed air or electricity ( linear generator ).
The Pescara machines were produced from SIGMA, the model GS34, a 1200 -horsepower generator.
In 1963 Pescara again worked with his sons in Paris, and checked for SN MAREP the 2,000 -horsepower generator ELPH 40 In December 1965, he gave his youngest son Christian de Pescara 's mission is " to continue the business with free piston machines and all necessary use funds to feed them a variety of applications in the industry. " He wanted to build more powerful machines - but before a company established for their development, Pescara died at the age of 76 years in Paris.