Raymond Jeanloz

Raymond Jeanloz ( born August 18, 1952 in Winchester ( Massachusetts)) is an American geophysicist.

Biography

Jeanloz studied at Deep Spring College ( in Deep Spring), the Amherst College (Bachelor 1975) and the Caltech, where he received his doctorate in 1979. He was then a professor at Harvard University and is a Professor of Astronomy, Planetary Science and Geophysics ( Earth and Planetary Science ) at the University of California, Berkeley.

Jeanloz deals with the behavior of matter at high pressures, such as prevail in the interior of the Earth and other planets. He simulates the pressure with diamond anvil cells and dynamic with shock waves from the irradiation with high-power lasers to simulate with the objective conditions in the interior of large planets like Jupiter. He also used the synchrotron radiation source at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for material analysis.

Jeanloz played an important role in the 1980s in the development of the diamond anvil cell technique, for example by additional continuous heating with lasers (laser heated Diamond Anvil Cell ). A result of the investigations was that the material of the mantle at high pressure ( about 100.000 atm) mainly consists of perovskite and Jeanloz determined in experiments (e.g., Heinz 1987), the melting curve of perovskites at high pressures. Additional results related to the character of the transition zone from liquid metallic core of the Earth to the mantle (D "layer ).

With his doctoral Kanani Lee, he discovered in 2003, a new high-pressure alloying of potassium with iron, what in relation to data in stony meteorites relatively low potassium could explain concentration in the earth's crust and radioactive potassium probably as source for the generation of heat in the Earth's core in addition to uranium and thorium makes.

Jeanloz also deals with disarmament and stands before the committee of the National Academy of Sciences for questions of the International Security and Arms Control (International Security and Arms Control, CISAC ). In this context, he examined the management of the nuclear arsenals of the U.S. and came in his report concluded that the stock was stable even without development of new weapons for at least 60 years. For this he received the 2008 Hans Bethe Award from the Federation of American Scientists (FAS ) and in 2009 was Szilard Lecturer of the American Physical Society. Jeanloz Beginning in the 1990s, an advisor to the Department of Energy ( DOE) in these and similar questions.

In 1988 he was MacArthur Fellow. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences (2004) and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 1984 he received the James Macelwane Medal of the American Geophysical Union.

Publications

  • The nature of the earth 's core, Annual Review Earth Planetary Science, Volume 18, 1990, S.357 -386
  • With Quentin Williams: The core -mantle boundary region, Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, Volume 37, 1998, pp. 241-259
  • With T. Lay: The Earth's core and mantle boundary region between, Scientific American, May 1993
  • With Edward J. Garnero: Earths Enigmatic Interface, Science, Vol 289, May 2000, pp. 70-71
Winchester (Massachusetts) United States Department of Energy Physics Today Science (journal)
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