Reading education in the United States
Under the promotion of reading is understood in education all measures aimed at a target group consists mainly of children and young people to not only teach reading skills, but also interest and pleasure in reading and literature.
- 5.1 United States
Aims to promote reading
An important goal of reading promotion is to animate people to " deal of reading ." If it is reached, the addressees of the Reading Promotion enjoy a variety of benefits. In general, their reading skills is greater than "mandatory readers " ( read only what the school and other instances of them expect ):
- A lot of readers master the culture technology reading better; they read faster and grasp the essentials better and faster.
- A lot of readers out more and more profound about the world, especially compared to people who use almost only entertainment media such as television or computer games.
- A lot of readers expand ( as native speakers) their vocabulary in the target language more quickly; the vocabulary over which they have as adults is greater.
Particularly important is the promotion of reading to promote language learning and area studies knowledge for migrants. Only by reading they learn the written language of the immigration country know enough.
Venues to promote reading
The most effective reading promotion takes place at home, and as early as toddler and preschool age. The example of the parents favored reading development. The daily reading of at infant age in a comfortable environment promoted the interest in books and reading. Further reading promotion may, inter alia, in the pre-school education (eg kindergarten ), in school (especially in the school library ), in other libraries, in school or extracurricular reading competitions and special television, computer and online programs be made. Through such programs, children and adolescents are specifically taught to read and then answer questions on the computer. Examples of how computer-/online-unterstützt reading books can be promoted, the programs Antolin and Lepion are.
The idea of a reading promotion that goes beyond reading ability on a simple level and aspect, " joy of reading " in the center ( instead of the mere fulfillment of learning objectives in reading ), found in many school policies and core curricula input.
In the " systemic model" of reading promotion to the home and school also open other institutions: So feel school libraries, school media centers, public libraries, bookstores, publishing houses, the reading foundation, the Swiss Institute for Child and Youth Media SIKJM, the Austrian Youth Book Club, the Friedrich Bödecker circle, literature houses among others the promotion of reading committed. They organize, for example, Events of shared reading, competitions for readers or other special offers.
Promoting Reading in Germany
The Association of German Book Trade, for example, organizes every year a reading competition. The libraries in Germany are looking to awaken joy in reading, as well as book reviews on TV or in the newspapers that provide adult patrons notes which books can give children and young people ..
That a not attack arrested or unsuccessful promotion of reading serious consequences, the German Ministries of Education have recognized: Who does not read voluntarily and do not like, is usually characterized by a lack of discipline and concentration defects that often lead to students not learn reading and writing. Thus, the academic success ( CSE as a minimum) is threatened. Affected by this form of educational failure are often children from migrant families. Reading promotion is therefore a central task of school view all subjects and throughout the school. This approach turned the KMK project " ProLesen " which was worn from 2008 to 2010 from all sixteen federal states. A clearly structured approach to school promotion of reading with the goal of significantly reducing the so-called risk group of dyslexic pupils will " leave no one - reading is strength" since 2006 as part of the reading promotion project implemented. In class doing the essential building blocks of reading literacy promotion are systematically used: considering the interest in reading, systematic use of reading strategies, reading promotion, increasing the read time by a reading week, metacognition, quiet reading and methods of the continuous language education or German as a second language in the mainstream classroom and the Intercultural Education and education. In addition, the promotion of reading is not only written down as a concern of all teachers of the various subjects taught at a school in a practical roadmap to promote reading, but the school administration takes over in the scope of project management a special responsibility. Scientific support was a significant effectiveness of the approach " Reading is strong" evidence.
A successful reading promotion goes hand in hand with training of concentration and discipline, but at the same time this is also ahead. Reading mentors promote through volunteering reading skills.
Since 1977, the German Reading Society eV is directed in particular to the young readers. In 1988 the Foundation Read the successor to the German Reading Society. In the state of Lower Saxony, the Academy for promoting reading acts as a central contact point for all there in the promotion of reading people.
An overview of reading promotion are also Jörg Knobloch on its internet site.
A not to be underestimated contribution to reading promotion afford literary festivals. An example of this is the international literature festival, and especially the children and youth program. For each edition of the festival, the festival invites about 20 renowned international children's and youth book authors and illustrators who read for more than 10,000 children and adolescents.
Studies
Scientific studies show that one in elementary school can already promote reading motivation and reading skills effectively.
In Germany, half of the 5 - to 6 - year-old children using the computer. Nevertheless, books play a significant role in the lives of boys and girls. These results reach the third youth - media study of the Foundation Ravensburger Verlag.
About 80 percent of all children regularly see far, and as many have them read books or even look at picture books. When asked about her favorite medium, the emphasis clearly lies with the TV (boys 42.5%, girls 47.4 % ) in the audio media like fairy tales cassette (boys 20 %, girls 31.6 %) and the book (boys 22.5 %, girls 13.6 %).
Nevertheless, there are many children in the biography " reading Knicks ' take particularly between 8 and 10 years of age and between 11 and 13 years of age in many the joy of reading and the time that is spent for reading, from; this is especially true for boys. The proportion of young people who have indicated in the PISA study, not read for pleasure, is in Germany with 42 percent particularly high. In the group of boys, the proportion is as high as almost 55 percent. Critics claim that the schools will handled by the way in the classroom with texts, in this development were not entirely innocent. The Austrian pioneer of promoting reading Richard Bamberger recommends the introduction in the classroom reading a piece and every week to read a book instead of an often several weeks to small -segmented "treatment" of a book.
Promoting Reading in Austria
The Province of Lower Austria tries with the initiative time reading the central importance of reading for personal development, the development of creative potential and the perception emphasized. With a variety of actions in schools and kindergartens, but also about the provision of children's and youth literature in hospitals in order to contribute positively to regional culture of reading.
The actions include harvest festivals, a reading mobile, readers' theater and the choice of favorite book of the Lower Austrians.
In addition, new, interactive ways are increasingly being taken in order to place the topic of reading and off classical education. Among other things, a video film competition ( " turning point " ) is organized, in the course of which young people can represent their favorite cinematic reading.
Promoting Reading in other countries
United States
In the United States, children learn to read at the age of 5 years in kindergarten, which is an institution of primary schools in the United States. The majority of the children visited it before, that is, with 3 or 4 years, a preschool program (Child Day Care, Preschool, Head Start ), whose curriculum usually includes a Lesepropädeutik. Knowing these children when they start school at five years in the nursery, the alphabet, can write her first name, can read a small number of words and are accustomed to the daily use of books.
Commercial electronic learning materials such as the Hooked on Phonics system are very popular in American families with preschool children. Widely used are also independent or industry - sponsored online programs that teach preschoolers to read (early reading programs, reading programs ) or accompany children in reading age in the book reading ( reading motivation programs ). The non-commercial PBS television produces and broadcasts programs for preschoolers such as Reading Rainbow (1983-2006) and Between the Lions (since 2000), in which are books and reading in the foreground. Many bookstores and most public libraries hold story hours ( hours of reading ) in which toddlers and preschool children from picture books will be read.
At the schools is from the kindergarten level to the visit the school library an integral part of the curriculum.
Special attention is paid in the U.S., the target group of Reluctant Readers ( German: " reluctant reader " ): children and adolescents who have already developed an aversion to reading.
Among the organizations that have dedicated themselves to the promotion of reading, one of the National Children 's Reading Foundation, whose slogan is: Read to your child. It's the most important 20 minutes of your day ( German: " Read it to your child are the most important 20 minutes of your day. "). A study by the U.S. Department of Labor read parents of children under 6 years in the period 2003/2006 per day an average of 3.6 minutes before ( mothers: 4.8 minutes Fathers: 1.8 minutes ). After an investigation of the 1997 3- 5-year children spent a weekly average 86 minutes reading, 6- 8-year old 69 minutes and 9 to 12 years old 75 minutes (excluding homework ).