Red Ruthenia

Rothreußen, also Rotruthenien or Red Russia ( Russian Version: " Червоная Русь " ), was an area between the rivers Bug and Wieprz. It was controversial in the early Middle Ages between Poland and Kievan Rus. His old Polish name was Ziemia Czerwieńska or Grody Czerwieńskie - on German about " Red Land " or " Rotburgenland " - named after the city Czermno in powiat ( county ) Tomaszów Lubelski.

This area was first mentioned in 981, I. of Kievan Rus took the Grand Duke Vladimir, the area on the way to Poland. 1018 the area became Polish after 1031 went back to Kievan Rus. After the power-political disintegration of Kievan it was part of the Ruthenian principality of Galicia - Volhynia. This was from 1240 under the nominal suzerainty of the Golden Horde, a Mongol Khanate, which took shape after the death of Genghis Khan in Eastern Europe. 1340 succeeded to the Polish king, Casimir III. Regain the territory that was because of an integral part of the Kingdom of Poland until the time of the partitions of Poland.

The name " Rothreußen " was from then on used for the landscape around Przemysl up to the upper Dniester. In later times the term was used synonymously for the province of Ruthenia, even when their political focus had shifted to the east of Przemysl to Lviv.