Reism

The Reismus (from Latin res "thing" ) referred to in Tadeusz Kotarbiński, a philosopher of neo-positivist school of Lviv, the theory that only those things exist which recognize the man. Since there can be no general things, but only a non -limited number of specific body, which means " incarnations ", related Kotarbiński also the expression concretism.

Theory of names

The Reismus based on Stanisław Leśniewskis ontological name of calculus, a radically nominalistic theory. He considered a name expressions that can be the subject or predicate of a sentence that describes things or people. A set 've have the form "A is B ", where is going conceived as absolute, fundamental being. This understanding is based not only on the mathematical structure of the statement, but also significantly on the Polish origin Kotarbińskis - as the Latin use the most Slavic languages ​​no article. Kotarbiński different

• Singular names, which are used as grammatical subjects and individuals or things denote (Plato, table )
• General names, which can only be the subject or predicate of general statements such as " every A is B" ( man city)
• Empty names, such as unicorn, representing no denotation and thus can not be the subject of a true statement.

All of these names are real name, the name is in the true sense. As a non- real Kotarbiński sees such, describe the properties, relations or states; he calls pseudo name or Onomatoide ( to Greek ονομα "Name").

All real names are concrete grammatical noun, while abstract concepts are Onomatoide. This assumption is based on the finding that abstract concepts are not.

This means that the name of exit " delayed the train 's departure, the " in no designat has - the exit is not, since (correct spoken) the train leaves on time; It is in " late " to a property. Also relations such as " friendship" or states such as "equality" are not according to this view.

Ontological and semantic Reismus

The theory of ontological Reismus states that only people and things exist. This means that each object must be either man or thing. On criticism in particular of Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz, Kotarbiński so have created a tautological system, this ontological approach clarified as meaning that every thing must be either body or mind, and that every being, the mind bein think, at the same time body, that is concrete " incarnation " was. The basic statement, every thing was an incarnation, outlines the designation somaticism for the ontological direction of Reismus.

The semantic Reismus refers to the language that describes the world. He explains the possibility of any statement, contains the pseudo- name to convert into a statement of exclusively real name. After each name that contains the everyday language, even a Onomatoid. This is a drastic reduction of the Aristotelian categories to a single and intrinsic, the substance which excludes substances as different things. In his classification of Reismus is used as concretism while Willard Van Orman of analytic philosophy Quine, in his philosophical imprint Rudolf Carnap and Otto Neurath's physicalism.

See also: Logical Empiricism, Vienna Circle