Remake

The term remake, often remake ( shortened for engl. Remake film ), refers to a film based on a pre- released film or a previously filmed template. Remakes are common in the history of the film and turned out different, but most often for commercial reasons. There are different types and subcategories of remakes, their differentiation from one another is not always possible. Closely related to the " remake " is also the reboot (Eng. " Restart"): arises from a successful film a movie series (eg "Spiderman" ) is often continued this with a " Reboot" new from the front, ie with a remake of the first film with a new leading man.

Definition

A general definition tries film scholar James Monaco, for a remake is the " remake of an ever filmed substance ". You can, however, open to what is meant by the term 'substance'. The word "substance " allows for different interpretations. On the one hand, this may be to act screenplays, novels, legends and historical events; other hand, it remains uncertain how large the parallelism between old and new version can be.

A new film adaptation of a film or literary work is described by the term remake. Often, however, a distinction between a remake and a new adaptation. The new adaptation refers mainly to the ( literary ) the presentation of the original film and leaves aspects of the previous film except eight. Thus, as a new adaptation especially films that are based on known literature and ignore previous films mostly referred to (including Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, 1994).

In this case, an accurate classification of individual films is often difficult. A stamp " remake " or " new adaptation " is mainly applied to films that explicitly refer to previous work (such as in the acquisition of the title and authors of the original). In the literature, however, problems are here shown, which lie in the determination of the original work and the definition of when a film as far coincides with another, that classification is appropriate, because especially in sub-genre of the film, these boundaries are blurred.

History

Since the beginning of the film ideas or entire films were again offered as remakes of the viewer. Thus, about L ' Arrivée d'un train à La Ciotat (1895 ), one of the first films of the Lumière brothers, as a template for the remakes of the competing film production companies Empire State Express ( Bioscope, 1896) and Black Diamond Express ( Edison, 1896) seen. , p.89 moved when the film in the following years as a fairground attraction by the countries that were remakes of the day. Not only were the suggestion to copy successful and popular films of others, but also the consumption of film negatives to mention as a reason. As from the 1900s, the film was more complex and a slowly developing authorship of filmmakers led litigation with them, helped more and more modified remakes in the formulation of the first movie genres., P 91

In subsequent years, remakes were produced in the film industry for several reasons: Successful films often provided a warranty to the success of the remake. Your purchased, expensive rights to a template were repeatedly exploited to increase the profit. So remakes were often shot by the same studio already at intervals of a few years in the 1930s and 1940s. Even were technical innovations, such as the sound film, color film, CinemaScope or computer-aided special effects, already tested by using successful film as a template and inserted. The threat of new media such as television or video also led to an increased production of remakes. The high number of remakes to the 1950s is also justified by the then understanding of producers and viewers, who viewed the films only as a topical product.

Also an artistic ambition can be seen as a reason many remakes. This is particularly evident in cases where the director remade his own films such as Alfred Hitchcock. Other successful and important for the artistic development of film movies are remakes. So the classic film noir was The Maltese Falcon (1941 ) already the third film of the substance by Dashiell Hammett for The Maltese Falcon (1931 ) and Satan and the Lady ( 1936).

Considering this, remakes can be seen, adjust the template to another genre or the development of a genre. General break new high phases of a genre often associated with remakes of genre classics. So the 1990 (including Bram Stoker's Dracula ) from the 2000s were after successful remake and adoptions classic Gothic novels in American horror cinema, a large number of remakes of American horror films of the 1970s (including The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (2003) and The Omen (2006 ) ) in theaters.

Today, the remake is made especially with the modern Hollywood film in combination, although the remake was commonly practiced in other countries and film throughout the history of the film and will. This has mainly to do with the dominant position of American cinema. The tradition remake non- English speaking films often bring out shortly after the release of the hit original as " Americanized" version is justified by rejection of American viewers over dubbing and subtitles.

Particularly frequently filmed substances

• Sherlock Holmes: 254
• Hamlet: 48
• Cleopatra: 44
• Alice in Wonderland: 37
• Romeo and Juliet: 30
• Dracula: 25
• Treasure Island: 23
• Heidi: 20
• Titanic: 13
• Ben Hur: 5
• In 80 days around the world: 4

Exemplary remakes

→ see the list of remakes

• Ben Hur: The successful novel Ben Hur from 1880, which tells the story of the fictional Jewish prince Judah Ben -Hur, was already filmed four times. Especially the versions from 1925 with Ramon Novarro in the title role and in 1959 with Charlton Heston are known as two of the most successful films in American film history and were praised especially for the staging of the chariot race. William Wyler's version from 1959 also received 11 Oscars.
• Psycho: The remake of Psycho in 1998 attracted attention because director Gus Van Sant undertook a very strict form of the remake. He put those regarded as classics of the psychological thriller movie Psycho by Alfred Hitchcock in 1960 at in almost any setting and with the natural dialogue and film music.
• The Children's Hour: The Director William Wyler had the play The Children's Hour by Lillian Hellman, which is about two teachers who are suspected of having a lesbian relationship, in 1936 filmed thesis under the title Three. However, he had time to print of the film studio United Artists, who feared a ban because of the topic, make as many changes to the script that he 1961 remake turned, he claimed at the time that this was actually the first film adaptation of The Children's Hour.
• King Kong and the white woman, a film that is about the love between a woman and a giant gorilla, already emerged in 1933 and moved because of its success, many sequels. 1976 King Kong was remade under John Guillermin with Jeff Bridges and Jessica Lange. Despite good reviews, the film was a flop at the box office. 29 years later, the best known for the film series The Lord of the Rings director Peter Jackson has become dared again to a film adaptation. King Kong came in 2005 with Naomi Watts, Jack Black and Adrien Brody in the cinema and was back since the original a success. The film played a more than 550 million U.S. dollars.
• Funny Games: Funny Games is a movie by Michael Haneke from Austria in 1997, he was filmed by him as Funny Games U.S. 2007 itself again