Resource (disambiguation)
A resource [ rɛsʊrsə ] (French la resource [ ʀəsuʀs ], means ',' source ', from Latin resurgere well be ') is a means to make an act or to run a process.
A resource may be a tangible or intangible asset. Most including resources, funds, land, raw materials, energy or persons and ( working) time and be understood in psychology and skills, character traits, or a mental attitude in sociology and education, health and prestige. In management processes and in art, the allocation of resources is referred to as resource allocation.
- 3.1 computer science
- 3.2 Deposits
Economics and Sociology
In the economics are as resources typically labor, land, environment and capital but also considered as factors of production, depending on the analysis of the destination country, or other productive forces, for example, natural factors of production (raw materials ), or social, such as education, diversity or research.
In business economics we speak on the subject of resources from the so-called Resource - Based View ( RBV ). The basic idea is to " the uniqueness of the company - the competitive advantage over other providers - can not be explained by its position in the product market, but by the quality of resources ... " This means that the RBV is considered as an alternative to Michael E. Porter's so-called Market -Based view. When RBV fundamentally five types are distinguished resources:
According to Ray Barney, a resource must fulfill four conditions in order to secure a competitive advantage; the resource must: ( 1 ) be of value, ( 2 ) be in short supply, ( 3 ) must not be imitable, and ( 4 ) may not be substitutable. From these four conditions, the so-called VRIO Framework has developed. The VRIO framework parses the organization's resources and places them in the context of business activities. Another term that needs to be mentioned is that of the "Capabilities ". Capabilities refers to the organizational ability to " combine resources and actions to coordinate and develop new ones. " This means, among other things, that the resource base must be constantly rebuilt (so-called Dynamic Capabilities ). The ability or capability that dominates a particular company, is also called core competence.
The sociology names in addition to the economic and social resources (eg, networks of relationships ) and cultural resources (such as education) that affect the social status of an actor in a given society.
The sociologist Nan Lin defines the (individual ) social capital as a mobilization eligible, rooted in the social structure resources. As a positive impact on the individual, he emphasizes the increased flow of information, the increased individual influence, the social network as a social "testimony" of the individual and the social support and affirmation. In this play, among others, the hierarchical position ( as a structural factor) and the strength of the bonds ( as an individual factor ) plays a role.
Obtaining resource individual social capital requires an investment in social relations.
Psychology and Medicine
Work Psychology
The organizational psychology and industrial psychology dealing among other things with the provision of resources to achieve corporate and personal goals.
The work-life balance is considered from the viewpoint of provision of resources. As this essential resource, especially time, money and decision latitude are called; added and personal resources. The latter all physical, psychological, emotional and social resources available to the individual are counted. Here, the burnout syndrome is based on the work situation, perceived as extreme case of depleted personal resources. Case the amount of currently available personal resources below a limit of resilience, both personal resilience as well as the ability to recover are significantly reduced.
Salutogenesis
In a treatment that is oriented towards the salutogenic approach by Aaron Antonovsky, it is true, the healthy portions of the people - their personal resources - to perceive and promote.
Psychotherapy
In psychotherapy resources are inner potentials of a people and relate, for example, the abilities, skills, knowledge, destiny, experience, talents, inclinations and strengths that are often not even aware of. Within a psychotherapy that power sources can be used to promote the healing process. The therapy can be applied total resource-oriented or specifically highlight and consolidate certain resources. One method for this is the so-called " anchoring ", a term used in hypnotherapy, which is also used in various other forms of psychotherapy, such as EMDR.
Example: For anchoring, man recalls a positive situation ( in EMDR: "point of power "), and which is filled with very rich resources. In order to get a good connection, it is necessary to perceive the accompanying sensations, such as pictorial memories, smells, noise scenes, moods or body perceptions. This particularly good mood (the resource) to be transferred to the anchoring to a situation that is so far regarded as unpleasant, frightening or threatening.
Expressed Technically this is a method that is deliberately brought about with a permanent " stimulus-response coupling" (see also Cognitive behavioral therapy and operant conditioning ). This means that, for example, the unpleasant situation of a dentist visit ( which is often a fear -inducing " stimulus" ) is associated with a resource. This could then lead to the relieving conclusion that the man is strong enough and in response to the growing feeling, so it can go with a safety instead of a scared feeling to the dentist.
Science and Technology
Computer science
The resource term also occurs in the computer science in different meanings:
- In the computational complexity is considered resources, such as computing time or memory space on a processor in the main memory, in a more abstract way as a resource.
- Network resources are Files and / or network services that are made available via a computer network;
- The resources that enable the realization of a network connection in the first place; or else
- Any information or service source.
- Also, certain files stored in program components are referred to as resources, see Resource ( software).
- In the web architecture resource generally means anything that has identity ( eg, depicted as a URL ) in the sense that it can be a source of descriptions about himself. As part of this information resources are considered, which have the property that all its essential characteristics can be conveyed in a message. It is argued that this is a concept change, as a "resource" originally referred to anything on that can be accessed.
Lagerstättenkunde
The geology is understood to resource the maximum available amount. This corresponds to the concentration of an ore or other mineral and fossil target fraction in the crust. Often it is also equated with the element frequency.
However, this amount is not indicative of the amount of deposits, which is also by mining available. This quantity is called the reserve base. Below that amount of resources is to understand which meets the specific physical and chemical minimum criteria for the current mining and production practices, including those for content, quality, thickness and depth. The reserve base includes both currently economically recoverable reserves, as well as reserves that can potentially be mined economically within a certain planning period and adopted technical and economic developments.
However, the reserve base provides no information on the amount by mining currently actually available. This quantity is called the reserve. The term reserve is the quantity of the identified reserve base to understand which could be the time of determining economically and technically won or produced. In general, however, it is not the lack of technical requirements, but the lack of profitability, which defines the border between reserve and reserve base. This limit therefore shifts depending on the current economic but also political conditions. Due to excess demand triggered dynamically rising prices it can result in a short time to a significant increase of the reserve amounts. Example: The global Indiumreserven have of 2,800 t in 2006 to 11,000 tons in 2007 increased.
The so-called resource curse (also resource trap ) has various negative consequences, which could have an abundance of natural resources of a country and its people, particularly the apparent paradox that economic growth in countries that are heavily dependent on exports of mineral and fossil resources are usually lower than in resource- poor countries.