Retinoid

Retinoids are chemical substances that are related in their chemical structure or biological activity of retinol (vitamin A).

Definition history

The IUPAC - IUB Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature defined the term " retinoids " in 1982 as a " class of components, consisting of four isoprene units, which are in a head -to-tail connection; All retinoids can be derived formally from a monocyclic parent component containing five carbon-carbon double bonds and a functional group on the acyclic end of the molecule. " However, synthetic components were in the 80s found that did not meet these defined structural requirements, in various retinoid - sensitive However, biological assays were much more active than retinol. As a supplementary or replacement definition has been proposed in 1985 that " Retinoids are a class of substances that cause specific biological responses by binding to and activation of receptors ".

Meanwhile, some retinoids are known to be shown not to exert their biological activity on the participation of receptors.

Retinoids used in therapy

Selected retinoids are therapeutically in humans for medical use. It currently distinguishes between three generations of therapeutic retinoids:

Non - aromatic retinoids ( 1st generation)

The non-aromatic retinoids include tretinoin ( all-trans- retinoic acid), isotretinoin and its isomer (13 -cis- retinoic acid ), which are both systemically and topically used. Both occur in comparatively small quantities naturally in vitamin A metabolism in humans.

Mono- aromatic retinoids ( 2nd generation)

Mono- aromatic retinoids acitretin, etretinate and Motretinid.

Poly - aromatic retinoids ( 3rd generation)

Poly - aromatic retinoids adapalene, arotinoid, Acetylenretinoide and tazarotene.