Roald Sagdeev
Roald Sinnurowitsch Sagdejew (Russian Роальд Зиннурович Сагдеев Roal'd Zinnurovič Sagdeev, Tatar Роальд Зиннур улы Сәгъдиев Roald Zinnur Uli Säğdiev; born December 26, 1932 in Kazan, Soviet Union ) is a Russian physicist who is a leading authority in plasma physics. He was from 1973 to 1988 director of the Institute for Space Research of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. He was also a scientific advisor to the Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev.
Life
Sagdejew came as a child of Tatar parents to the world. He graduated from the University of Kazan and at the Lomonosov University in Moscow, where he was a pupil of Lev Landau. 1956 to 1962 he was in fusion research team of the Kurchatov Institute. In 1961 he founded the Laboratory of theoretical plasma physics at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics in Novosibirsk, where he remained until 1971. As early as 1966 he sat for international cooperation, particularly with U.S. scientists in the then very successful conferences on Plasma Physics ICTP in Trieste, which he ran with Marshall Rosenbluth. In 1973 he became head of the Moscow Institute for Space Research, which he directed until 1988. He was elected to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in 1989. Since 1989 he is professor at the University of Maryland, where he is Director of the East West Space Science Center.
Since 1990 he has lived in the United States.
Roald Sagdejew was with Susan Eisenhower, the granddaughter of the late U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, married.
Sagdejew concerned with plasma physics, applications of plasma physics in astronomy (eg attachment with Charles Kennel Cosmic shock waves, Scientific American June 1991, p 102, and Critical phenomena in plasma astrophysics, Reviews of modern physics, 1979) and related problems of nonlinear dynamics.
In his early work he discovered L. Rudakov several instabilities of plasmas that were important in fusion research and astrophysics, including drift waves (1960 /61). From him and A. Galeev a neoclassical transport theory is derived for tokamak plasmas and he said 1956 shock waves in plasmas without collision ( as in dilute plasmas in space ) operating systems.
Honors
He is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1991 ), the Royal Astronomical Society (1988 ), the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences ( 1988), the Hungarian Academy of Sciences ( 1988), the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences ( 1988) the National Academy of Sciences ( 1987), the Max Planck Society ( 1976) and the Vatican Academy of Sciences ( 1990). Since 1964 he is a corresponding member since 1968, and full of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. Member of International Academy of Astronautics, since 1980;
In 1986 he was Hero of Socialist Labor (for his leadership of the international Vega mission to Halley's comet ), and in 1984 he received the Lenin Prize ( for his work on fusion research ). In 1994, he received the Leo Szilard Award of the American Physical Society (APS ) and 1992, the Tate Medal of the American Institute of Physics. In 2003, the Carl Sagan Memorial Award he was given. In 2001 he received the James Clerk Maxwell Prize for Plasma Physics for an unprecedented amount of contributions to the modern plasma physics including shock waves without collision, stochastic magnetic fields, ion temperature gradient instabilities, quasi- linear theory and neoclassical transport theory of plasmas and the theory of weak turbulence.
Writings
- The making of a Soviet scientist: my adventures in nuclear fusion and space from Stalin to Star Wars, New York, Wiley 1994