Rummer
A Roman is in the 16th century developed from the forest glass in Central Europe common and traditional drinking vessel for wine. The glass is today. Usually a volume of 0.2 liter or 0,25
The name is not derived from the Romans, but on the Dutch Roemen, which means as much as praise.
History
The term occurs for the first time in 1501 in Neuss. Precursor of Latin was the so-called Berkenmeyer cup of the 16th century, a green forest glass with a thick, studded with prunts foot, gets up the wall in a conical shape. A shaft can not be determined here or is visible as an extended foot.
In the 17th century, from this rather crude form of the classical Roman glass with ribbed foot ring, hollow, occupied with prunts shaft and cuppa, the bowl-, apple -, could be egg-shaped or bulbous. These glasses were distributed throughout Germany and in the Netherlands. Since forest glassworks unsigned, provenance is rarely clearly traceable.
Among the Romans in the 18th century, the now common chalice form of cuppa established itself as the standard form. More variations there are in other parts of glass: The foot may be smooth rather than ribbed, there are shafts without prunts, and in addition to the natural green of the forest other glass enter colors ( olive, cobalt blue, brown).
A wide variety of forms developed by the Romans of the 19th century. Prunts are no longer constitutively with him, often entirely disappeared; but occasionally they also occur in the cuppa, which was never the case with the Roman Baroque. There is a cuppa in a typical forest - green glass, which is now produced artificially, but also in all the other colors, but also often colorless. Enamel painting and glass cut in a variety of decors ( crest, vine leaves, flowers, geometric ornament ) can refine the cuppa. The shaft may be ribbed as the foot; Shank and foot often grow together into one unit. Also, baluster shafts are possible. Foot and lip edges may be gilded.
All in all, this era of historicism embossed in the glass art of an effort to revitalize the quintessence of the " old German " par excellence: Compress meet the diverse stylistic elements of past eras together on the Romans of the 19th century, the decors of rural German tankard painting, the glass section of the refined bohemian- Silesian baroque glass that simple forms of forest glass, holds in the imported to Central Europe Venetian style baluster. Together they form Roman glasses, baroque style potentiated revive, it has never been so but in reality in the 17th century.
Major production facilities for the Romans of the 19th century were the glassworks Theresienthal, Villeroy & Boch, Cologne -Ehrenfeld and the Rhine river.
The Romans today
Numerous replicas of the Roman historicist are in the 20th century as a commercial glass in the trade. Thick-walled cups of crystal glass are called Romans. The provenance of the forest glass is no longer to be found here. Due to the dilution in the formal language of the term is now used frequently non-specific for many different types of classic wine glass with typical spherical cuppa and colored, ribbed foot and / or shaft, as shown in the picture.
Dissemination
Baroque and historicist Romans there are some museums, such as in:
- Passau Glass Museum
- Frauenau Glass Museum
- Glass Museum Wertheim
- Mainfränkisches Museum Würzburg
In the antique trade and on glass auctions both the baroque Romans, who still belong to the forest of glass, as well as the historicist variants still in richer number are available.