Russula albonigra

Schwarza Running Russula ( Russula albonigra )

The black -priming Täubling ( Russula albonigra ), also called Mentholtäubling or menthol Schwärz - Täubling, a fungus of the family is Täublingsverwandten ( Russulaceae ). He has his name through its typical characteristics, completely coal-black to color and the typical menthol taste.

• 5.1 Infra Generic classification
• 5.2 forms and varieties

• 7.1 Notes and references

Features

Macroscopic characteristics

The hat is very young white, but turns quickly into a brown tone and eventually to black. It reaches a diameter of 5 to 15 centimeters. The Hutmitte is usually deepens like a funnel or only slightly depressed. The surface is often very smudgy, but later dry. Sometimes the hat skin rips open felderig. It is difficult to removable.

The blades are first almost white, but color gradually from the edge and the cutting starting also blackish. They are only in the peripheral region of shorter fins slightly denser, but they are not thick, but quite rigid. They are a bit down on the stem and strongly forked.

Also the stem is only white, but later black discoloring. He is short, but mostly thick. The drawing may look brownish dots or reticular - veined. The consistency is firm.

The meat is first whitish, but runs like the rest of the fruit body soon to black. In case of breach, it turns partly reddish or steel blue and then black. The taste is more bitter than sharp; in some regions, but it can also be sharp. On the tip of the tongue is a characteristic menthol- cool feeling sets. The flesh turns milky milky olive with acids and caustic solutions; with formalin, it is salmon pink and greenish with iron sulfate.

Microscopic characteristics

The spores are round, long - ellipsoid or kidney-shaped. They are 7-9 microns long and 6-8 microns wide and small, up to 0.4 microns high warts, which are connected by fine lines, so that they form a fairly well-developed network. The pleurocystidia on the fins are slender in shape and have a yellowish, oily content. Pileozystiden missing or stain not with sulfo - benzaldehyde to. The hat skin is formed from flat prostrate 2-6 microns wide, hyphae. The hyphal end cells are 3-5 microns wide.

Artabgrenzung

The black -priming Täubling is well marked by its menthol -like flavor and quickly blackening in violation meat. Thus it is easily distinguished from the other Schwärz - Täublingen ( section Compactae ) as the similar Dichtblättrigen Schwärz - Täubling. The Dickblättrige Schwärz - Täubling also has thick, brittle and conspicuously removed the slats.

Ecology

The black -priming Täubling like all russulas a mycorrhizal fungus that forms a common mycorrhizal mainly with spruce. It can also pine and deciduous trees such as the beech, enter into a symbiotic partnership.

The Täubling occurs in different forest communities. Especially in Luzulo beech forests, in coniferous forests such as: Alpenlattich spruce forests, white moss pine forests and spruce bog woodland, and also in hornbeam - oak forests and oak and mixed oak forests. It is also found in spruce and pine forests as well as in parks.

Usually it occurs on dry to moderately fresh, loose, sandy to anlehmigen, rather (moderate) acidic soils. It is found just about not low base sands, crystalline bedrock, as well as gypsum, marl or lime. About lime, however, you meet the kind only at points where could form a sufficiently thick layer of humus as a result of appropriate conditions. Such conditions often found in woodruff-beech forests and in forms of Cleavers - fir forest.

The russulas, which can be found in lowland areas in the central highlands in, appear from late July to October.

Dissemination

The black -priming Täubling is a Holarctic type, in Northern Asia ( the Caucasus, Siberia, Japan) in North America ( USA, Canada), North Africa (Morocco) and occurs in Europe. In addition, they are also found in the Southern Hemisphere in Australia. The following table indicates which countries in which the Täubling has been proven safe. Presumably, the type is much more widespread.

In Germany the Täubling of Holstein comes up in the foothills loosely scattered before, but everywhere he is pretty rare. Also in Switzerland, is the Täubling not frequent.

System

The scientific Artattribut ( epithet ) " ablbonigra " derives from the Latin adjective " albus " (white) and " niger " (black) and is a reference to the young white and black as coal, aged fruiting bodies.

Infra Generic classification

The black -priming Täubling belongs to the subgenus Compactae and here in the sub-section Nigricantinae, are summarized in the russulas whose flesh reddens, gray or blackened with injury. He is closely related to the Dichtblättrigen Schwärz - Russula ( Russula densifolia ) and the smoke - brown Schwärz Russula ( Russula adusta ).

Forms and varieties

• Russula albonigra var pseudonigricans ( Romagn. ) Bon (1988 )

Importance

The black -priming Täubling applies young as edible, but its taste is so inferior that call him many authors as inedible.