Russula solaris
Sun Täubling ( Russula solaris )
The sun Russula ( Russula solaris ) is a mushroom of the family of Täublingsverwandten. We find that rare kind sometimes in beech forests. The yellow hat, the sharp taste and the ocher-colored spore powder together form a combination of features that is unique within the European Täublingsarten.
- 7.1 Notes and references
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
The sun Täubling is an extremely fragile, small and delicate mushroom with a rich yellow 3-5 cm broad hat. This is hemispherical young, then convex and deepened soon. He is often bent and dünnfleischig. The brim is wide grooved with age. The center is significantly darker and often colored golden yellow or slightly orange tinted. The rim is lighter and often fades almost whitish or pale straw yellow. The hat skin is damp greasy, dull and dry up to one half or more removable. The fins are long pale, then straw yellow. They are moderately dense and show a clear Queraderung on. The spore powder is cream colored.
The pure white stalk is 2-5 cm long and 1-2 cm wide. It is easy clavate shaped and can be compressed easily. In the age of the stem is often hollow. The meat tastes hot, especially in the lamellae and is very brittle. It smells aromatic vinegar or mustard sauce, quite similar to that of the gall - Täublings.
Microscopic characteristics
The spores are elliptical to almost spherical, 7-9 microns long and 5.5-7, sometimes up to 7.5 microns wide. The Q value (ratio of length and spore width) is 1.1-1.3. The spores ornament consists of thorny, almost isolated, 0.5-1.2 microns high warts that are partially extended slightly and sometimes in places somewhat interconnected.
The 4- sporigen basidia are 30-53 microns long and 8.5-10, rarely to 12 microns wide. They have four 3-10 microns long sterigmata. The pleurocystidia are 42-85 microns long and 6.5 to 12 microns wide. They are bulbous or cylindrical - clavate and above usually dull. The 35-65 microns long and 7-9 microns wide cheilocystidia are more or less fusiform and carry at their head often has a small extension. All Zystiden are numerous and stain stain gray black with blue and Sulfovanillin with sulfobenzaldehyde to.
The hat skin ( Pileipellis ) consists of cylindrical, more or less tortuous and narrowed at its tip, 2-3.5 microns wide hyphae. They are sparsely septate, often branched once or twice. Between the hair-like hyphae one finds cylindrical, snakes - to slightly club-shaped, 2- 5- septate and 3-7 microns wide Pileozystide, which stain black with gray sulfobenzaldehyde.
Artabgrenzung
Most likely you can the sun Täubling with blassblättrigen Chamaeleontinae forms such as the Yellow Haseltäubling ( Russula acetolens ) or Pale Yellow Russula ( Russula raoultii ) confused.
The Yellow Haseltäubling, but has, like the other representatives of subsection Chamaeleotinae, mild meat. The Pale yellow Russula is also sharp, but has a nearly uniform creamy yellow hat without pronounced dark tinted middle. Also differ in the spore powder color the two types of solar Täubling: The pale yellow Chamaeleotinae - forms have a sick ocher yellow spore powder, while it is pure white when Blass Yellow Russula.
Ecology
The sun Täubling like all russulas a mycorrhizal fungus of living in symbiosis mainly with beech trees. More rarely, oak or other deciduous trees can serve as host.
The Täubling comes in beech and mixed forests book: how Woodruff, hair barley, orchids and sedges or Luzulo beech forests before, preferably located in the climax stage. He finds himself but also in hornbeam oak forests like the chickweed - oak-hornbeam forest and thermophilous subcontinental oak dry forests. The fungus likes fresh to moderately moist, slightly acidic to slightly alkaline, base -rich but nutrient-poor soils. They are usually found in medium to profound braunlehm Rendzinen, brown and Luvisols, sand and alluvial loam.
The fruiting bodies appear frequently covered in grass sites from July to October, while the fungus rises from the plains into middle Bergland, rarely higher.
Dissemination
The sun Täubling is a European temperate species that is very rare not only in Germany. The species shows a Western Mediterranean to subozeanische spread tendency.
System
The sun Täubling provided by M. Bon in the subsection Citrinae, which in turn is within the section Russula. The representatives of this subsection have yellow to more or less orange, sometimes greenish lemon yellow hats. The spore powder is white to yellowish. All mushrooms this subsection, pungent taste. Newer Molecular phylogenetic studies show, however, that the representatives of sub-section are hardly related. The sun Täubling is much more related to Täublingen from the section Tenellae, particularly with representatives from the subsection Laricinae.
Importance
The sun Täubling is because of its sharp taste unpalatable and may be slightly toxic.