Saint-Antoine-des-Champs
The Abbey of Saint -Antoine -des- Champs, today Hôpital Saint -Antoine in the 12th arrondissement of Paris played a significant role in the Middle Ages. It is the nucleus of the Faubourg Saint -Antoine.
History
Until the 12th century, the future location of the abbey marshland that. Streams through, which was watered by the hill of Belleville and Ménilmontant was Only the old Roman road from Paris to Meaux and Melun ( the extension of the later Rue Saint -Antoine ) crossed the area.
1198 was Fulk of Neuilly, pastor of Saint- Baudile in Neuilly -sur -Marne and preacher of the Fourth Crusade, here at the expense of Pope Innocent III. build a small hermitage for women in difficult social situation. 1204, the convent was converted into a Cistercian abbey and fixed, the moats were connected by channels with the Seine. Armed defense of the place, under the command of the abbess, the Dame du Faubourg. The abbey church was dedicated to St. Anthony.
In 1229 it was King Louis IX. the monastery to the Royal Abbey ( Abbaye Royale ). The grants of the king radiated to the entire settlement that developed around the abbey. Numerous craftsmen settled here and were still at the Paris guilds. Gradually, the swamps were drained, the area was also used for agriculture. The proximity of the Seine, in turn, allowed a permanent supply of wood, which led to the settlement of carpenters.
On August 18, 1239 was Louis IX. exhibit within the abbey the crown of thorns, which he had bought from Baldwin II, the Latin Emperor of Constantinople Opel, before he moved to the relic in Paris. In 1261, he reiterated a law of his predecessor Louis VI that the straying leave prohibited from pigs in the city, and from this prohibition only ausnahm the pigs of the Abbey of Saint -Antoine -. Assuming that they had put on a clamp that also with was provided a cross, so that they recognize again.
In 1471 the Abbey of King Louis XI. a rare privilege granted: they were exempt from the membership of the guilds. Thus released from high tax payments, many craftsmen settled down near the abbey. More than 150 years could benefit from this scheme the suburb.
Middle of the 17th century were the property of the abbey about 50 streets. The abbey itself could not accommodate more than 20 women.
1767 added the architect Nicolas Lenoir the parish building two wings added and simultaneously established the neighborhood Aligre on land which had been ceded by the abbey, which could benefit from the real estate speculation in this way. The Act of February 13, 1790, with which the religious orders were dissolved, initiated the end of the abbey.
The abbey was declared a national property by decree of 11 February 1791. The nuns left the building, the monastery became the Hospice de l' Est; The abbey church was demolished in 1796. 1802, the Hospice de l' Est was renamed Hôpital Saint -Antoine.
From the old abbey only the Pavillon de l' Horloge has stopped.
The abbesses
The abbey was ruled in the period of existence of 48 abbesses, including
- Agnès de Mauvoisin II (1233-1240)
- Jeanne V. de Longuejoue (1525-1542)
- Marie Le Bouthilier II (1636-1652)
- Two daughters of Mathieu Molé, First President of the Parlement in the 17th century
- Marie -Anne- de Bourbon- Condé Éléonore (1723-1760), daughter of Louis III. de Bourbon, prince de Condé and
- Gabrielle -Charlotte de Beauvau - Craon, the last abbess (House Beauveau )
- Cistercian monastery in France
- Former convent in Paris
- Monastery ( 13th century)
- 12th Arrondissement (Paris)