Saint Thorlak
Thorlákur Þórhallsson ( German Thorlak Thorhallson ) (* 1133 Fljótshlíð, † December 23, 1193 ), was a bishop in the Icelandic bishop's seat in Skálholt.
Life
He was the son of Þórhall Þorláksson in Hlidarendi, Fljótshlíð, and his wife Halla Steinadóttir.
He received his education from a priest in Oddi in Rangárvellir. In 1152 he was ordained a priest. Presumably, he entered into a marriage. He studied probably 1153-59 at the School of St. Victor in Paris and at the Augustinian cathedral chapter in Lincoln.
After his return, he should have chosen the monastic life, and dissolved his marriage. He lived for six years in teacher Kirkjubær ( South Iceland ).
To 1168, he founded with Bishop Klængur Þorsteinsson ( Klongr Thorsteinsson ) of Skálholt the first Augustinian monastery in Iceland in Þykkvabæjarklaustur. This, he first headed as Prior, from 1171 as Dept.
1176 he has been provided by Klængur to Bishop of Skálholt. On July 1, 1178, he was ordained by Archbishop Øystein Erlendsson in Nidaros (Trondheim ) and took office right up to his death.
Monastery was founded and owned dispute
During his tenure, the Benedictine monastery was founded in 1186 Kirkjubær ( Kirkjubæjarklaustur ).
He issued rules on fasting and reformed the church. Above all, he turned against the immorality and the habit of influential gentlemen, to keep second wives ( concubines ).
In the summer of 1179 he traveled through his diocese in the east fjords and put pressure on the peasants, who were thus subsequently agreed to leave church property of the church and to take the appropriate Farms of her as a fief.
After his return he got into heated argument with the Goden Jón Loftsson in Oddi, one of the most powerful men in the country, about the sovereignty over the church property, which belonged to the proprietary church the Lord according to the traditional proprietary church system.
It was here a reflection of simultaneously smoldering between Emperor and Pope Investiture Controversy.
Canonization and veneration
His successor Páll Jónsson made his bones on July 20, 1198 on the altar rise ( Translatio ). A papal confirmation was not initially sought.
Of his death, December 23, was then declared in the Althing on his holiday. Bishop Páll was creating a shrine for the dead body, which was placed on the high altar of Skálholt. The shrine consisted of gold, silver and precious stones.
His " grave became Iceland's most important pilgrimage site, his person was programmatic for the freedom of the Church of laikalem influence; the Thorlak worship received Additional [ I ] a national note, as Iceland in 1262 was obliged to submit to the Norwegian kingdom. ".
1237 and July 20 was declared as the day of Translatio a holiday. He was ordained in Iceland 56 churches.
On January 14, 1984, Pope John Paul II confirmed as patron saint of Iceland.
On December 23, we celebrate the memory of him in Iceland the Þorláksmessa ( Thorlaksmesse ), as well as in Norway, the Faroe Islands where he was equally revered and since the 18th century in Sweden, including also Torlaksmesse, Great Exhibition, Sjursmesse or Lilla Julafton called.