Salem Maritime National Historic Site
The Salem Maritime National Historic Site is managed by the National Park Service area in Salem, Massachusetts.
- 3.2.1 Custom House
- 3.2.2 Public Stores and Scale House
- 3.2.3 Hawkes House
- 3.2.4 Derby House Derby House and Gardens
- 3.2.5 Narbonne- Hale House
- 3.2.6 West India Goods Store
- 3.2.7 St. Joseph Hall
Location
In addition to a located in downtown Salem visitor center, there is a reserve of 12 buildings spread over an area of about 9 acres ( 36,400 m²) along the historic harbor at Salem Harbor.
42.520555555556 - 70.898611111111Koordinaten: 42 ° 31 ' 14 " N, 70 ° 53' 55 " W
History
In 1938, the area was placed under protection in order to clarify its outstanding importance for the development of shipping and trade for the entire United States of America. This was in addition to the importance of Salem as a former sixth-largest port in the country and the good state of preservation of historical assets.
Structures
The port facilities and some of the past in their immediate surroundings buildings are open to the public.
Quays
The harbor front Salem adorned once more than 50 wharves of different sizes, in the Salem Maritime National Historic Site are three of them preserved. In the course of archaeological investigations, it was found that most of the plants caused by the sinking of wood in the harbor mud. In these constructions the attachment were later applied stones and earth for the purpose.
Derby Wharf
The 1762 built on behalf of the merchant Richard Derby Sr. Derby Wharf is the best example of a quay of the 18th and 19th centuries; The construction was carried out in three sections, according to a 1783 -renewal are still visible today expansion of nearly half a mile ( about 0.8 kilometers ) in 1806 reached length. The wharf was filled by the filling previously erected stone walls. From the once located on the port facility 14 warehouses none preserved.
Derby Wharf Light Station
The lighthouse located at the end of the wharf was built in 1871. Together with the lighthouses of Pickering Point on winter Iceland and Hospital Point in Beverly He was destined to have access to the safe harbor of Salem. The 12 feet ( 3.66 meters ) square measuring and including the lantern 20 feet ( 6.10 meters) tall buildings has originally powered by whale oil 17- inch ( 43.2 centimeters) sixth-order Fresnel lens. The now -operated with the help of solar energy navaids sends all six seconds of a red beam of light.
Hatch 's Wharf
This plant is the shortest of the still preserved, it was not built until 1819 in its present form, in which they added a much narrower predecessor from 1805.
Centrlal Wharf
The 1791 built by Simon Forrester pier was extended in 1805, are on their today for two warehouses, which give an insight into the design of these often up to three stories tall building; the foundations of the Forrester Warehouse in Derby Street near Hatch 's Wharf are still recognizable. The now serving as Orientation Center building was built around 1770 and is a good example of such a warehouse.
Building
The grounds of the historic port of Salem also provides various purposes serving and built in different periods houses under protection.
Custom House
Already in 1649 a customs house was built to the British colonial administration to impose duties on imported goods and to manage in Salem. Was built up of the still preserved building, 12 predecessor buildings were necessary. The U.S. Customs Service took over in 1789, the tax administration by the British.
The present building was built in 1819 and housed next to the offices of the Customs Administration also storage rooms in an attached warehouse. These were the inclusion of seized under Customs seal goods. As a symbol of the power of the federal spot the architects the establishment of a representative building was given; high ceilings, an expansive staircase and large carvings did a contribution to an expression of the strength and balance.
In 1826 a wooden eagle was placed on the roof, which the local artist Joseph True did for $ 50.00; 2004 this had to be replaced by a replica of plastic; the original is shown in the exhibition since 2007.
The exhibition at Customs House shows tools of the customs administration, examples of the work of customs inspectors and the office of Nathaniel Hawthorne, who from 1846 to 1848 worked here as an administrative officer and lessons here experiences in his novel The Scarlet Letter ( German The Scarlet Letter ) processed.
Public Stores and Scale House
The three-storey warehouse served the temporary storage of seized goods, which were kept up to pay the customs fees here. The exhibition includes examples of imported goods and a 1886 -built Whitehall rowing boat, which served the customs inspectors to meet down the boot if they reached the port of Salem.
The Scale House was not weighing the goods but the inclusion of scales and other tools that were used in determining the value of landed estates.
Hawkes House
Construction of the house was given by Elias Hasket Derby and his wife Elizabeth at the architect Samuel McIntire 1780 in order. Built in the Federal style building was initially not completed until after the successful sale in 1801 to Benjamin Hawkes - the owner of a shipyard near the Deby Wharf - the building was completed. The three-storey building features a beautifully crafted entrance and large windows that fill the rooms with light located therein.
Today the offices of the administration of the National Historic Site are housed here; a tour of the building is not possible.
Derby House Derby House and Gardens
The first brick building in Salem was built in 1762 as a gift of Elias Hasket Derby to his bride Elizabeth Crowninschield occasion of the wedding. There was this wealthy family for the next twenty years as a home, 1796 it was sold to Henry Prince. Whose family occupied the house until 1827 before it by a variety of changes of ownership in the early 20th century by the Society for the Preservation of New England Antiques ( SPNEA ) - was acquired - now Historic New England.
In 1937 this organization was suitable on which the building had again shifted back to the state of the 18th century, managing its land to the National Park Service.
Derby House - whose construction parallel to the contact of Derby Wharf was - was in the midst of a variety of warehouses, sheds and stacking surfaces, so that there was no garden. Since the outbuildings are not obtained, the construction of a contemporary garden took place in 1990 under the supervision of Suzanne Gentiluomo, an expert in historical gardens the plant.
The building can only be visited by guided tour.
Narbonne- Hale House
Built around a brick fireplace, two -story wooden building was erected in 1675 on behalf of the butcher Thomas Ives as a typical construction of a New England middle-class family. In the original state of the building had only one room on each floor, subsequent additions brought a kitchen and a hall.
The name of the house comes from Sarah Narbonne, whose grandfather Jonathan Andrews had the building in 1780 for purchase. The eponym was born in the house and lived throughout her life here, she died in 1895 at the age of 101 years. Her daughter Mary inherited the building in 1905 to her nephew, Frank Hale, who sold it in 1963 to the National Park Service.
The guides are accessible from within the building is mainly the presentation of the history of architecture and to illustrate the architectural history; are also shown the use as a workshop of a tanner and a rope -maker.
West India Goods Store
Built in 1804 the building initially served as a warehouse for goods which related the ships of Henry Price from East Asia trade, such as pepper, coffee, buffalo skins and turtle shells. Only in 1836 it was converted to a shop for groceries. The house was reconstructed several times, also changed its location twice before it was acquired in 1928 by the Society for the Preservation of New England Antiques. This sold it in 1937 to the National Park Service.
The West India Goods Store can be visited daily.
St. Joseph Hall
The St. Joseph Hall was commissioned in 1909 as a three-story brick building by the St. Joseph Society. Founded in 1897 as a brotherhood to support its members in case of illness or financial difficulties as well as a burial fund organization was supporting the culture of Polish immigrants, which amplifies immigrated since the late 19th century in the New England area to look for work in the numerous textile mills.
The building has ground floor shops and workshops, which were rented; the first floor was a large room, which was used for public and private events of the Polish community. The second floor has two or more apartments that could serve as temporary housing for new arrivals.
The increasing assimilation and emigration meant that the importance of organizations such as the St. Joseph Society increasingly waned, the building was sold in 1988 to the National Park Service.
This uses it today for offices and workshops, but also the educational center of the Salem Maritime National Historic Site was housed here. The facade of the building was added to the original state, the shop windows on the ground floor offer an exhibition on the history of Polish immigrants in Salem.
Friendship of Salem
After the revolution, a special type of vessel has been developed, which should attain an outstanding importance for the trade of New England. Such, equipped with three masted ship of the type " East Indiaman " was the 1796 in the shipyard of Enos Briggs at Salem keel gelegete and in the following year the merchants Jerathmiel Peirce and Aaron Waite passed Friendship.
The following year the ship was mainly used in dealing with South and Southeast Asia, however, the Caribbean and Europe were driven. On the way back from Arkhangelsk Friendship on 5 September 1812, applied by HMS Rosamond. The master of the American ship, Edward Stanley, the outbreak of the war of 1812 was not aware of. The boat was sold at auction on March 17, 1813, at a public auction.
The replica shown today was built from 1996 to 1998 on the Scarano Shipyards in Albany in the State of New York. Further work was carried out on the Salem Maritime National Historic Site, the Naval Historical Center Detachment Boston and Dion's Yacht Yard in Salem, where as the basis of a building under construction served Peabody Essex Museum Salem model and several paintings.
The ship is from jib mast to Besanbaum 171 feet ( 52.12 meters) long, the hull is 116 feet ( 35.36 meters) long and 27 feet ( 8.23 meters) wide. The draft is 11'3 " ( 3.43 meters ), the height of the main mast on the keel 120 feet ( 36.58 meters). The total sail area of the ship is equipped with two decks 9,409 square feet ( 874.1 square meters).
The replica of the ship was set to the early 19th century, accordingly, can be walked by visitors and sails as ambassadors of the Salem Maritime National Historic Site or the Essex National Heritage Area.
Salem Armory / Visitor Center
The Visitor Center at the Salem Maritime National Historic Site is located in downtown Salem in the original Salem Armory. This was part of the headquarters of the Second Corps of Cadets (Second Corps of Cadets ), whose history can be traced back to the late 18th century. The neo-Gothic buildings were almost completely destroyed during a fire in 1982, today's Armory Park - also part of the complex was not built up again, the National Park Service received 1994 here its new visitor center.
In addition to information on the Historic Site This also provides documentation for the Essex National Heritage Area and other attractions in Essex County. The complex also includes a bookstore.