Salsoloideae

Salsola oppositifolia, fruiting

The Salsoloideae are a subfamily of the family of Amaranthaceae ( Amaranthaceae ). Previously they were made ​​the goosefoot family ( Chenopodiaceae ).

Description

The Salsoloideae include herbaceous plants, subshrubs, shrubs and some trees. Stems or leaves are often succulent. The seed contains a spiral embryo. In most species the bracts form the fruit time membranous wings, which allow the distribution of the fruit by the wind ( Anemochorie ).

Characteristic of the tribe Caroxyloneae is that the dust bag at the top wearing a bubble- shaped, color contrasting appendage, which probably attracts insects for pollination. In Tribus Salsoleae lack this appendage or is very small and the same color as the dust bag.

Photosynthetic

The Salsoloideae are C4 plants ( apart from a few exceptions among the Salsoleae '). While the NAD - malic enzyme appears type in the Caroxyloneae exclusively C4, can be found in the Salsoleae most of the NADP malic enzyme type.

Dissemination

The subfamily Salsoloideae has its focus on biodiversity (diversity center ) in the deserts and semi-deserts of Central Asia and the Middle East. Its distribution extends to the Mediterranean and Central Europe, North and South Africa and Australia, some species have been introduced into the New World. Many species grow in very dry habitats ( xerophytes ) or tolerate salty soils ( halophytes ), some are ruderal.

System

The type genus of the subfamily Salsoloideae is Salsola L..

Molecular biological studies revealed that the former structure not by morphological characteristics reflected the phylogenetic relationship and, therefore, a redistricting required made ​​( The Camphorosmeae are now separated as a distinct subfamily Camphorosmoideae. )

The subfamily Salsoloideae is divided into two tribes and contains about 35 genera:

  • Tribus Caroxyloneae Akhani & E.H.Roalson: Caroxylon Thunb. With about 43 species.
  • Climacoptera Botsch. With about 41 species.
  • Halarchon Bunge, with only one type: Halarchon vesiculosum ( Moq. ) Bunge
  • Ofaiston mona drum ( Pall. ) Moq.
  • Piptoptera turkestana Bunge
  • Physandra halimocnemis ( Botsch. ) Botsch,
  • Pyankovia brachiata ( Pall. ) Akhani & E H.Roalson
  • Anabasis L. (including Fredolia ( Coss. & Durieu ex Bunge) Ulbr. ): With about 29 species.
  • Arthrophytum Schrenk: With about nine species.
  • Cornulaca Delile: With about five species.
  • Cyathobasis Aellen, with only one type: Cyathobasis fruticulosa ( Bunge) Aellen
  • Saxaul ( Haloxylon ammondendron ( CAMey. ) Bunge ex Fenzl. )
  • White Saxaul ( Haloxylon persicum Bunge ex Boiss. & Bunge)
  • Potash - salt herb ( Kali turgida ( Dumort. ) Guterm. )
  • Ruthe African herb salt, Tumbleweed ( Kali tragus (L.) Scop. )
  • Nucularia Perrini Batt.
  • Rhaphidophyton regelii ( Bunge) Ilyin
  • Sympegma regelii Bunge
  • Traganopsis glomerata Maire & Wilczek
  • " Canarosalsola ": Salsola divaricata Masson ex Link.
  • Salsola arbusculiformis Drob.
  • Salsola laricifolia Turcz. ex Litw.
  • Salsola abrotanoides Bunge
  • Salsola botschantzevii Kurbanov
  • Salsola flexuosa Botsch.
  • Salsola junatovii Botsch.
  • Salsola lipschitzii Botsch.
  • Salsola maracandica Ilyin
  • Salsola masenderanica Botsch.
  • Salsola montana Litw.
  • Salsola oreophila Botsch.
  • Salsola tianschanica Botsch.
  • Salsola genistoides Juss. ex Poir.
  • Salsola pachyphylla Botsch.
  • Salsola webbii Moq.
  • Iljinia Korovin, with only one type: Iljinia regelii ( Bunge) Korovin

Swell

  • Hossein Akhani, Gerald Edwards, Eric H. Roalson: Diversification Of The Old World Salsoleae sl ( Chenopodiaceae ): Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis Of Nuclear And Chloroplast Data Sets And A Revised Classification. In: International Journal of Plant Sciences. Volume 168, No. 6, 2007, pp. 931-956, DOI: 10.1086/518263, PDF file.
Oskar Eberhard Ulbrich Halothamnus subaphyllus Haloxylon ammodendron Cereal germ Seed dispersal#Wind C4 carbon fixation Anabasis (plant) Halothamnus Kali (plant)
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