Kali (plant)

Potash - salt herb ( Kali turgida )

Kali is a genus of flowering plants in the family Amaranthaceae ( Amaranthaceae ). These types were included to 2007 in the genus of herbs salt ( Salsola ).

• 5.1 Notes and references

Description

The genus Kali mainly include annual herbaceous plants (with the exception of persistent Kali griffithii ). The semi- terete, enlarged at the base, often fleshy leaves end in a spike tip.

The hermaphrodite flowers are single in the axil of a carrier sheet and two bracteoles, these are also mucronate. The perianth consists of five free tepals. There are five standing in front of the tepals stamens with oblong anthers available. The almost spherical ovary wearing a thin pen and ends in two thread-like scars.

The fruit is mostly enclosed by the perianth. On the back of the tepals is wing-like appendages, which are significantly smaller and narrower at the two inner tepals form.

Chromosome number

The basic chromosome number is x = 9

Occurrence

The distribution of the genus Kali extends from Western Europe to East Asia and North -South direction of the coasts of Scandinavia to the southern Mediterranean, the Persian Gulf and to the Himalayas. The focus of the distribution is located in Central Asia and Central Asia.

Several species have been introduced into North America and South America. Kali tragus is used as introduced species in South Africa and Australia.

The species often inhabit semi-deserts and steppes, and are found in open, salty or dry locations.

System

The genus Kali was established in 1754 by Philip Miller ( in: The Gardeners Dictionary ... Abridged ... fourth edition). The type species is Kali turgida.

By 2007, these species have been considered as a section of the genus salt herbs ( Salsola ). Through phylogenetic analyzes ( Akhani et al. 2007) it became clear that the salt herbs consist of several distinct kinship groups, so the former section was separated as a distinct genus Kali.

Synonyms of Kali million are Salsola sect. Kali Dumort. and Salsola sect. Kali (Mill.) Ulbr.

The genus contains about 13 species Kali. It can be divided into three sections for which there are so far only name under Salsola.

• Section 1 (the Salsola subsect Griffithia Rilke ): Kali griffithii ( Bunge) Akhani & EHRoalson ( Syn: Noaea griffithii Bunge, Salsola griffithii ( Bunge) Freitag & Khani ): It comes in southeastern Iran, southern Afghanistan and Pakistan ( Baluchistan ) ago.

• Kali tamariscina ( Pall. ) Akhani & EHRoalson ( Syn: Salsola tamariscina Pall. ): It comes from South Eastern Europe ( Ukraine) via Central Asia to the Chinese province of Xinjiang ago.

• Kali australis ( R. Br ) Akhani & EHRoalson ( Syn: Salsola kali R.Br. ). This clan is often viewed as a synonym of Kali tragus.
• Hill - salt herb ( Kali collina ( Pall. ) Akhani & EHRoalson, Syn: Salsola collina Pall. ): It is native to Central and East Asia and is also introduced in Europe and North America before.
• Kali jacquemontii ( Moq. ) Akhani & EHRoalson ( Syn: Salsola jacquemontii Moq. ): It occurs in the Pamir, Hindu Kush, Karakoram and in the inner Himalayas.
• Kali ikonnikovii ( Ilyin ) Akhani & EHRoalson ( Syn: Salsola ikonnikovii Ilyin ): It occurs in the Chinese province of Mongolia.
• Kali komarovii ( Ilyin ) Akhani & EHRoalson ( Syn: Salsola komarovii Ilyin ): It is native to East Asia.
• Kali turgida unit: Kali paulsenii ( Litv. ) Akhani & EHRoalson ( Syn: Salsola paulsenii Litv. ): It is spread from South Eastern Europe through West and Central Asia to the Chinese province of Xinjiang. Introduced it also happens in North America.
• Potash - salt herb ( Kali turgida ( Dumort. ) Guterm, Syn. Potash soda Moench, Salsola kali L.): It is common in Europe, especially on the coasts of the Baltic Sea, North Sea and Atlantic Ocean.
• Kali tamamschjanae ( Ilyin ) Akhani & EHRoalson, (syn.: Salsola tamamschjanae Ilyin ): It is limited to Transcaucasia and the Iranian province of Azerbaijan.
• Ruthe African herb salt ( Kali tragus (L.) Scop, Syn. Salsola tragus L.): Native to the Mediterranean area over southeast to southwest Europe and Central Asia, this species is also abducted in America, South Africa and Australia.

Economic Importance

Some species, particularly Kali tragus, prepare problems in America as a weed.

Documents

• Sabrina Rilke: Salsola sect. Salsola. In: Karl Heinz Rechinger et al. (Ed.): Flora Iranica, Volume 172 - Chenopodiaceae. Graz, Academic Printing and Publishing Company, 1997, pp. 178-189. ISBN 3-201-00728-5. ( Description section )