Sanguisorba officinalis
Great burnet ( Sanguisorba officinalis)
The great burnet ( Sanguisorba officinalis), also wholesale burnet Called is a species of the genus burnet ( Sanguisorba ) within the rose family ( Rosaceae ). It is widespread in Eurasia.
Description
Appearance and leaf
The great burnet grows as a perennial herbaceous plant, reaching heights of growth from 30 to 120 centimeters. The upright stem is round, grooved and glabrous, sometimes the base is hairy. The basal and alternate on the stem are arranged distributed leaves are stalked and unpaired pinnate, with three to six Fiederpaaren. The upper leaf surface is dark green, the underside blue-green. The basal stipules are brown and membranous. On the stems stipules are large, herbaceous and pointed sawed.
Flowers, flowers and fruit
The upright capitate inflorescences have a length of 1 to 6 cm, a diameter of 0.5 to 1 cm and contain about 20 to 40 flowers that bloom from the tip toward the base. The bracts are lanceolate and shorter to nearly as long as the sepals. There are cover sheets available. The hermaphrodite flowers are reduced. The four sepals are dark red - brown, purple - to pink, red or white. Petals absent in this kind, the four stamens have thin filaments that are half to the same length as the sepals.
The fruit is covered by vierrippigen flower cups.
The flowering and fruit ripening is between July and November.
Synecology
Biologically flowers are gay game " nectar leading disk flowers " is available. The insects visit is lively; but also spontaneous self-pollination is possible.
The females of the Dark Moorbläulings ( Phengaris nausithous ) as well as the Great Moorbläulings ( Phengaris teleius ) lay their eggs on the still unopened flower heads of the Great Meadow button. The moths use to an ovipositor. When the caterpillar hatches, it eats its way along the flower stem a corridor, she spins silk to hold the flower head. The caterpillar feeds only the beginning of great burnet and can then adopt by ants of the genus Myrmica.
Occurrence
The great burnet has a Eurasian distribution and comes from the Atlantic coast in France to East Asia (South China) ago. In northern Europe, this type is missing almost entirely, or at least very rare.
You can find the great burnet in the colline to sub-alpine uplands ( in the Central Alps up to 2300 meters). It is the great burnet is a typical type of wet-dry wet meadows and marsh lands. Phytosociological it is assigned to the Molinia meadows ( Molinion ) and the marsh marigold meadows ( Calthion ).
Ingredients
The aboveground plant parts are rich in flavonoids, sterols and triterpenes. In addition, tannins found with the characteristic main components Casuarinin and Sanguinin. The seeds are oily and contain linoleic and linolenic acid. The roots contain Sanguisorbine ( triterpenes ).
Use
The Great burnet is an excellent forage plant and is readily eaten by cattle. In herbal medicine the great burnet is since the Middle Ages in the reputation of being a good, styptic, as noted by the botanical genus name Sanguisorba points ( sanguis blood and sorbere for one eye ). Even the blood-red color of the flower heads was according to the doctrine of signatures as a sign of the hemostatic properties of the plant. In many areas of the Great burnet is a component of the herb ordination.
Toxicology
In experiments, mice showed acute toxic effects when in contact with high concentrations of Sanguisorba officinalis Gerbstofffraktion. In addition, effects were observed on the female hormonal system. In the normal concentrations in herbal medicine, there are no reports of side effects or interactions.
Swell
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- Stefan Eggenberg and Adrian Mohl: Flora vegetativa Haupt Verlag Bern. ISBN 978-3-258-07179-4
- Konrad Lauber and Gerhart Wagner: Flora Helvetica, Haupt Verlag Bern, ISBN 3-258-06313-3
- Swiss Association for Conservation: Butterflies and their habitats.
- Hildemar Scholz ( ed.): Illustrated Flora of Central Europe. Founded by Gustav Hegi. Second, completely revised and expanded edition. . Volume IV, Part 2B: Spermatophyta: Angiospermae: Dicotyledones 2 (3 ) ( Rosaceae, Part 2), Blackwell, Berlin / Vienna et al 1995, ISBN 3-8263-2533-8.
- Pahlow, man Fried: The Big Book of medicinal plants, Grafe and Dead Ringers, ISBN 3-7742-4231-3
- Werner Rothmaler: Excursion Flora - Vascular Plants, Verlag Volk und Wissen (DDR ), 1972.
- Dietmar Aichele, Heinz -Werner Schwegler: Flowering plants of Central Europe. Volume 2: Yews to butterfly cabbage family. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-440-06192-2.
- Ruprecht Duell, Herfried Kutzelnigg: Pocket Dictionary of Plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common central European species in the portrait. 7, revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1. (Section Synecology )
- Great burnet. In: FloraWeb.de.