Sarabande

The Sarabande is since 1650 a frequently encountered courtly dance form of Baroque music. This slow elegant dance in three-part time signature has inspired several composers to expressive rich compositions, and received solid core set of the Baroque suite, such as the Allemande, Courante or the Gigue.

History

The name Sarabande, writes Marin Mersenne in his Harmonie Universelle in 1636, is from the words Sarao "dance" and derive banda "group". The German researchers Franz Magnus Böhme song suspected in 1886, however, a Moorish origin. Ottorino Pianigiani took a derivation from the Persian ( sar = head, band = band) with Arabic mediation.

The name occurs in 1569 in the Mexican city of Michoacán, where a sarabande was sung to a text by Pedro de Trejo at Corpus Christi. This had to answer for the offensive text of the Inquisition. 1579 reported a Spanish missionary of an Indian dance, which is very similar to the Sarabande.

A poem from Panama by Fernando Guzmán Mexía of 1539 mentions a dance called Zarabanda ( original spelling: çarauanda ).

In Spain in 1583, the Sarabande was temporarily banned by King Philip II because it has traded at the then form around an exotic, wild and lascivious couple dance, sung to the indecent texts. In French the term musical Sarabande was first mentioned in 1607 César Oudins Tresoro de las dos lenguas francesca y espangnola. About France, it spread rapidly throughout Europe.

The tempo markings ranged in the second half of the 17th century by Grave to Prestissimo. After 1700 a range of 64-86 beats per minute was determined for a sarabande in 3/4-time by means of a pendulum. Tomaso Albinoni 1701 adds in his balletti a tre, Op. 3, the Sarabandes the addition Allegro ( "happy" ) is added.

The rhythm of Folia is borrowed from the Sarabande.

Features of the Sarabande

  • Until the mid-17th century a fast to very fast 3/2-Takt, after which the French court of Louis XIII. starting a significantly slower 3/4-time customary, and the character of the Sarabande was noble and serious and a slow minuet was similar.
  • Recurring accenting the second beat by puncturing, ornaments and harmonic changes.
  • The classification is often a two-part, each of eight cycles, often divided into sub-groups on two measures. Occasionally, a "petite reprise " appended.

Clips

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Latter-day use

  • Ingmar Bergman's last film Saraband (2003) used a Sarabande from Johann Sebastian Bach's fifth cello suite as theme music; the same set was previously occurred in Cries and Whispers (1972). Even the theme music for his film Through a Glass Darkly (1960 /61) is a sarabande, here from Bach's Second Cello Suite.
  • Cellist Yo- Yo Ma and the Canadian- Armenian director Atom Egoyan appointed in 1997 a television program to Bach's Cello Suite 4 (in the framework of the six -part series Inspired by Bach) Sarabande. The Sarabande from Harpsichord Suite No. 4 in D minor by George Frideric Handel (HWV 437) has been frequently used as film music, including Barry Lyndon by Stanley Kubrick.
  • The musician Jon Lord has recorded an album under this name in 1975, which leaned on the musical form of Baroque music.
Historical dance Sarabande (Album) Integrated Authority File
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