Senna (plant)

Winged Senna ( Senna didymobotrya )

Senna is a genus of plants that belongs to the subfamily of carob plants ( Caesalpinioideae ) within the legume family ( Fabaceae ). The commonly called " Senna " well known species that provides the senna used pharmaceutically, bears the botanical name Senna alexandrina.

Dissemination

Senna species are mainly distributed in the tropical world; however, some species are also found in temperate zones. The greatest diversity of species of the genus found in America.

Description

Among the Senna species herbaceous plants, shrubs and trees are represented. The leaves are pinnate. There are Stipules present.

The flowers are racemose or paniculate inflorescences in conjunction with most early falling bracts. The hermaphrodite, five petals are more or less zygomorphic. The five sepals are fused with more or less equal calyx teeth. The five petals are yellow in most species. Most ten stamens are present. The substantially upright filaments are not more than twice as long as the dust bag. The curved ovary contains many ovules.

The cylindrical and winged legumes ( " pods " ) are shorter than 30 cm and contain many seeds.

Use

In parts of Southeast Asia leaves and flowers of Senna siamea kind used in the kitchen. By the content of anthraquinones can be prepared from Sennapflanzen laxatives; in herbal medicine and other indications are known. Senna italica ( syn. Cassia obovata ) is a proven hair dye for blonde hair and natural hair care products. Cassia auriculata was used as a tanning agent for the manufacture of Damascus steel.

System

The genus includes a large portion of the previously to the Kassien ( Cassia ) species calculated. With about 250 species, it is a very diverse genus. Here is an (incomplete ) list of species for the genus Senna:

  • Senna acclinis (. F.Muell ) Randell ( syn. Cassia acclinis F.Muell. )
  • Senna Aciphylla ( Benth. ) Randell ( syn.. Cassia Aciphylla Benth, Cassia australis var revoluta ( F.Muell ) Benth, Cassia revoluta F.Muell. .. )
  • Senna aculeata ( Pohl ex Benth. ) HSIrwin & Barneby ( syn. Cassia aculeata Pohl ex Benth. )
  • Senna alata (L.) Roxb. ( Syn. Cassia alata L.): From South America
  • Senna alexandrina Mill ( syn. Cassia acutifolia Delile, Cassia angustifolia Vahl, Cassia lanceolata Forssk, Cassia senna L.. ): Supplier of Senna;
  • Senna angulata ( Vogel) HS Irwin & Barneby ( syn. Cassia angulata bird)
  • Senna aphylla
  • Senna appendiculata ( bird) Wiersema ( syn. Cassia appendiculata bird, Cassia australis Vell, Senna australis HSIrwin & Barneby. )
  • Senna armata ( S. Watson ) Barneby & HSIrwin ( syn. Cassia armata S. Watson )
  • Senna artemisioides ( Gaudich. ex DC. ) Randell
  • Senna Atomaria (L.) HSIrwin & Barneby ( syn. Cassia Atomaria L.)
  • Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb. ( Syn. Cassia auriculata L.)
  • Senna australis HSIrwin & Barneby: (See Senna appendiculata )
  • Senna aversiflora ( Herb. ) H.S.Irwin & Barneby
  • Senna bacillaris ( L. f ) HSIrwin & Barneby ( syn. Cassia bacillaris L. f )
  • Senna barclayana ( Sweet) Randell
  • Senna bauhinioides ( A. Gray ) Barneby & HSIrwin ( syn. Cassia bauhinioides A.Gray )
  • Senna bicapsularis (L.) Roxb. (Syn. Cassia emarginata L.)
  • Senna birostris
  • Senna calycioides
  • Senna cana (. Nees & Mart ) HSIrwin & Barneby ( syn. Cassia cana Nees & Mart. )
  • Senna Candolleana bird
  • Senna cobanensis ( Britton & Rose) HSIrwin & Barneby
  • Senna confinis
  • Senna coronilloides ( Benth. ) Randell ( syn. Cassia coronilloides Benth. )
  • Senna corymbosa ( Lam.) HSIrwin & Barneby ( syn. Cassia bonariensis Colla, Cassia corymbosa Lam. )
  • Senna costata ( JFBailey & CTWhite ) Randell ( syn. Cassia costata JFBailey & CTWhite )
  • Senna covesii ( A. Gray ) HS Irwin & Barneby ( syn. Cassia covesii A.Gray )
  • Senna cumingii ( Hook. & Arn. ) H.S.Irwin & Barneby
  • Winged Senna ( Senna didymobotrya ( Fresen. ) HSIrwin & Barneby, syn. Cassia didymobotrya Fresen. )
  • Senna durangensis (Rose) HSIrwin & Barneby (syn. Cassia durangensis Rose)
  • Senna × floribunda ( Cav. ) HSIrwin & Barneby ( hybrids of S. septemtrionalis × p multiglandulosa, syn. Cassia corymbosa var plurijuga Benth, Cassia floribunda Cav.. )
  • Senna fruticosa (Mill.) HSIrwin & Barneby: syn. Cassia fruticosa Mill
  • Senna galegifolia (L.) Barneby & Lourteig: See Senna pallida ( Vahl ) HSIrwin & Barneby
  • Senna gardneri ( Benth. ) H.S.Irwin & Barneby
  • Senna gaudichaudii (. Hook. & Arn ) HSIrwin & Barneby ( syn. Cassia gaudichaudii Hook & Arn, Cassia retusa bird, Senna surattensis subsp retusa ( bird) Randell. .. )
  • Senna glutinosa ( DC.) Randell
  • Senna hamersleyensis Symon: See Senna artemisioides subsp. hamersleyensis ( Symon ) Randell
  • Senna hebecarpa ( Fernald ) HSIrwin & Barneby ( syn. Cassia hebecarpa Fernald )
  • Senna helmsii
  • Senna hirsuta (L.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby
  • Senna holosericea ( Fresen. ) Greuter ( syn. Cassia holosericea Fresen. )
  • Senna holwayana
  • Senna italica Mill ( syn. Cassia italica (Mill.) Spreng, Cassia obovata Collad. . )
  • Senna latifolia (. G.Mey ) HSIrwin & Barneby ( syn. Cassia latifolia G.Mey. )
  • Senna ligustrina
  • Senna lindheimeriana ( Scheele ) HSIrwin & Barneby ( syn. Cassia lindheimeriana Scheele )
  • Senna macranthera ( Collad. ) H.S.Irwin & Barneby
  • Senna marilandica (L.) Link ( syn. Cassia marilandica L., Cassia medsgeri Shafer )
  • Senna martiana
  • Senna mexicana var chapmanii ( Isely ) HSIrwin & Barneby ( syn. Cassia chapmanii Isely )
  • Senna mollissima (. . Humb. & Bonpl ex Willd ) HSIrwin & Barneby ( syn. Cassia laeta Kunth, Cassia mollissima Humb & Bonpl ex Willd.. . )
  • Senna multiglandulosa ( Jacq. ) HSIrwin & Barneby ( syn.. Cassia multiglandulosa Jacq, Cassia tomentosa L. f )
  • Senna multijuga ( Rich. ) H.S.Irwin & Barneby
  • Senna nicaraguensis ( Benth. ) HSIrwin & Barneby ( syn. Cassia nicaraguensis Benth. )
  • Senna nitida ( Rich. ) HSIrwin & Barneby ( syn. Cassia Antillana ( Britton & Rose) Alain, Cassia nitida Rich, Chamaefistula Antillana Britton & Rose. )
  • Senna notabilis (. F.Muell ) Randell ( syn. Cassia notabilis F.Muell. )
  • Senna obtusifolia (L.) HSIrwin & Barneby ( syn. Cassia obtusifolia L. ) worldwide popular and common in warm countries weed
  • Senna occidentalis ( L.) Link ( syn. Cassia occidentalis L.)
  • Senna odorata ( R.Morris ) Randell ( syn. Cassia odorata R. Morris, Cassia schultesii Colla )
  • Senna oligophylla
  • Senna oxyphylla ( Kunth ) H.S.Irwin & Barneby
  • Senna pallida ( Vahl ) HSIrwin & Barneby ( syn. Cassia biflora auct, Cassia galegifolia L., Cassia pallida Vahl, Senna galegifolia (L.) Barneby & Lourteig. )
  • Senna pendula ( Willd.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby
  • Senna petersiana ( Bolle ) Lock ( syn. Cassia petersiana Bolle )
  • Senna pilifera ( bird) HSIrwin & Barneby ( syn. Cassia pilifer bird)
  • Senna pinheiroi H.S.Irwin & Barneby
  • Senna planitiicola ( Domin ) Randell ( syn. Cassia planitiicola Dominguez )
  • Senna pleurocarpa ( F.Muell. ) Randell
  • Senna podocarpa (. Guill. & Perr ) Lock ( Syn:. Cassia podocarpa Guill & Perr. )
  • Senna polyantha
  • Senna polyphylla ( Jacq. ) HSIrwin & Barneby ( syn. Cassia polyphylla Jacq. )
  • Senna purpurea ( Roxb. ex Lindl. ) Roxb. ( Syn. Cassia purpurea Roxb ex Lindl. ).
  • Senna purpusii
  • Senna quinquangulata ( Rich. ) HSIrwin & Barneby ( syn. Cassia quinquangulata Rich. )
  • Senna racemosa (Mill.) HSIrwin & Barneby ( syn. Cassia racemosa million )
  • Senna reniformis ( G.Don ) H.S.Irwin & Barneby
  • Senna reticulata ( Willd.) HSIrwin & Barneby ( syn. Cassia reticulata Willd. )
  • Senna roemeriana ( Scheele ) HSIrwin & Barneby ( syn. Cassia roemeriana Scheele )
  • Senna septemtrionalis ( viv ) HSIrwin & Barneby ( syn. Cassia elegans Kunth, Cassia laevigata Willd, Cassia septemtrionalis Viv.. )
  • Senna siamea ( Lam.) HSIrwin & Barneby ( syn. Cassia siamea Lam. )
  • Senna silvestris ( Vell. ) H.S.Irwin & Barneby
  • Senna singueana ( Delile ) Lock ( syn. Cassia singueana Delile )
  • Senna sophera (L.) Roxb. ( Syn. Cassia sophera L., Cassia torosa Cav. )
  • Senna spectabilis ( DC.) Barneby & H.S.Irwin
  • Senna splendida ( Vogel) H.S.Irwin & Barneby
  • Senna stipulacea ( Aiton ) HSIrwin & Barneby: syn. Cassia stipulacea Aiton
  • Senna sulfurea ( DC. ex Collad. ) HSIrwin & Barneby: See Senna surattensis subsp. sulfurea ( DC. ex Collad. ) Randell
  • Senna surattensis ( Burm. f ) H.S.Irwin & Barneby
  • Senna tapajozensis ( Ducke ) Barneby & H.S.Irwin
  • Senna timoriensis ( DC.) Barneby & HSIrwin ( syn. Cassia timoriensis DC. )
  • Senna tora (L.) Roxb. ( Syn. Cassia tora L.)
  • Senna undulata ( Benth. ) HSIrwin & Barneby ( syn. Cassia undulata Benth. )
  • Senna uniflora (Mill.) HSIrwin & Barneby ( syn. Cassia sericea Sw, Cassia uniflora Mill. )
  • Senna velutina ( bird) H.S.Irwin & Barneby
  • Senna versicolor
  • Senna viarum ( Little) HSIrwin & Barneby: syn. Cassia viarum Little, Chamaesenna velutina Britton & Killip
  • Senna viminea (L.) HSIrwin & Barneby ( syn. Cassia viminea L.)
  • Senna wislizeni ( A. Gray ) Barneby & HSIrwin ( syn. Cassia wislizeni A.Gray )

Former species of the genus Senna, the currently assigned to other genera are:

Swell

  • R. K. Brummitt, A. C. Chikuni, J. M. Lock & R. M. Polhill: Leguminosae in the flora Zambesiaca, Volume 3, 2007: Senna - Online.
Rosids Philip Miller Ovary (botany)
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