Silky Ringlet
Erebia gorge
Erebia gorge, less common also soft, silky ringlet or Gorge Ringlet [Note 1] is a butterfly ( butterfly ) of the family Nymphalidae ( Nymphalidae ).
- 6.1 Notes and references
- 6.2 Literature
Features
Butterfly
The moths have a wingspan of about 26 to 32 millimeters. The size tends to decrease with increasing size. The forewings of the moths are dark brown in color and show a silky, often slightly purplish-red luster. In the drawing, and training the eye patch, the species is highly variable. In the Postdiskalregion there is a broad orange-brown or reddish-brown binding with mostly two (up to five ) black, white cored ocelli; these may be absent altogether. Specimens with three eyes are at the apex as f triopes, such designated eyeless rust-red napkin as f erynis. On the dark brown hind wings is a red-brown binding with some white cored ocelli usually indistinct trained, often lack these features but completely. The Saumfeld often has a slight bluish tinge. The rear wing undersides are streak -like dusted dark gray or dark brown, slightly whitish and possess Postdiskalregion a characteristic, more or less sharply defined, wide, mostly anthracite black, strongly serrated binding. Occasionally small white eye spots are visible on the outer edge. The males have a well recognizable scent scales stain on the front upper wing surface. Males and females have a slightly irregular hindwing outer margin. He jumps at vein M3 usually remains significantly.
The egg is flattened at both poles, the outside has longitudinal ribs. The number of ribs varies 22 to 31 ribs. Shortly after oviposition the egg is pale yellow; after a few days it turns gray with some darker spots.
There are two color variations of the caterpillar before, the base color is either green or brown ( reddish-brown, beige). In breeding, so far only brownish caterpillars have been observed. In the L4 stage is dark brown to black colored dorsal line is lined with white or yellowish white. The side ridge lines are initially black-brown, later stained only faintly olive green. The back light for limited epistigmale sidelines is initially a broad olive-colored band with a key spot in the middle of the segment, later, the harlequin only remains. The stigmatale sidelines is initially still faintly discernible, but the color disappears at the end of L4- stage completely. The head is dark green, olive green or brownish in color. The caterpillar bears branched bristles.
The doll is about 11 to 11.5 mm long. It acts penetrated with a relatively blunt-ended abdomen. The thorax and the elytra are green resembled colored, dyed the head and abdomen light brown. It is a relatively broad but faint pencil, brown green back line available. Epistigmatale and foot patrols are colored grauoliv, red-brown, the spiracles themselves. The cremaster is rounded and bears no bristles.
Similar Species
A certain similarity to the types Iridescent Ringlet ( Erebia Tyndarus ) and Erebia cassioides. However, both species possess more rounded wings and never more than two eye-spots on the front wings and the wings shimmer in Tyndarus often slightly greenish golden. However, the main difference is the lighter color of the hind wings back.
Geographical distribution and habitat
Erebia gorge is in the Cantabrian Mountains, the Pyrenees, Alps, Apuseni Mountains, Apennines, Carpathians, the mountains of the Balkans and the Dinaric Mountains at elevations of about 1600 to about 3200 meters before. The type flies to sparsely vegetated, rocky places and screes, Erdabrissstellen, moraines, steep banks of mountain streams, dry grass with boulders and may be numerous at certain places well.
Way of life
Erebia gorge has a two year development cycle. The moths fly from July to mid-September. They are extremely active fliers and fly in sunshine in low, rapid flight along with the Eismohrenfalter ( Erebia pluto ) scree and enjoy sunbathing on rocks or on the tips of juniper (Juniperus ). The female cements the eggs one at a withered parts of plants only a few centimeters above the ground. The Eiraupen hatch in the summer, about 10 to 12 days after oviposition. They overwinter as L1 or L2. After the first winter, the caterpillar grows very slowly. The caterpillars feed on various grasses ( Poaceae ). Tolman & Lewington specify as food plants: Small bluegrass ( Poa minor), alpine bluegrass ( Poa alpina), Lime Blue Grass ( Sesleria albicans) and alpine fescue ( Festuca alpina). Sonderegger also are rocks fescue ( Festuca halleri ), Low fescue ( Festuca quadriflora ) and violet fescue ( Festuca violacea ) as a caterpillar food plants on. The caterpillar overwinters a second time in the third stage. After the second winter it sheds its skin and grows quickly to L4 then zoom very quickly. In only one to several weeks, they pupate. In nature, the doll is exposed under stones. In breeding, the caterpillar spins, however, from some strands and dry plant parts a small chamber. The pupal period lasts about 4 weeks in nature.
Taxonomy
The taxonomy of the species, especially the subdivision of the species into subspecies is still under discussion. Overall, about 30 taxa in nature and subspecies rank well in the infra -specific area (variety, shape, aberration and modification) have been proposed for this species. In the Alps generally two subspecies are excreted. A third population, which was originally proposed as a separate type, was later than subspecies Erebia gorge is erynis Esper, 1805. Sonderegger (2005) approves it, subject to a total revision of the species, only the form status to.
- Erebia gorge gorge ( Hübner, 1804), different sized butterfly with most two points (or without credit points ),
- Erebia gorge triopes Speyer, 1865, medium to large butterfly with three or more eyespots, south of the Inn often, just north of the Inn rare, very rare in the rest of the Alps
- Erebia gorge f ramondi Oberthuer, 1909, Pyrenees, rear wing top and bottom with four to five ocelli, front wings with two ocelli, rarely three ocelli
- Erebia gorge f erynis ( Esper, 1805), ocelli absent, mainly Maritime Alps and Western Alps, rare in the rest of the Alps
In the recent literature are the following, not alpine subspecies or varieties to find:
- Erebia gorge albanica Rebel, 1917 Postdiskalbinde the front upper wing surface in the males narrow and indistinct, with small white eye patch nucleated in M1 to M3. The rear upper wing surface is almost black and no drawing. The hind wing underside is dark brown with a limited indistinct band in Saumfeld, Albania, Montenegro,? Serbia
- Erebia gorge Vagana Lorkovic, 1954, Croatia
- Erebia gorge hercegovinensis Rebel, 1903, Bosnia - Herzegovina
- Erebia gorge rudkowskii ( Bang -Haas, 1933), Tatras ( Slovakia / Poland)
- Erebia gorge fridericikoenigi Varga, 1999, Piatra Craiului Mountains, Romania
- Erebia gorge carboncina Verity, 1916, the moths are smaller, slightly darker with narrower Postdiskalbinden, the eye-spots are very small or absent, Apuan Alps, Middle Apennines, Monti Sibillini (Italy )
- Erebia gorge var gigantea Oberthuer, 1884, Falter very large, Cantabrian Mountains
Endangering
In Germany the nature of the Bavarian Alps, is found only in some places and is out on the red list of endangered species in category R (extremely rare species with geographical restriction ).