Single-family detached home
A detached house and single-family home and apartment building, is a building that ( generally for a limited group of people who run a joint household or ) serves as a residence for a family and includes a residential unit. It thus belongs to the buildings with only a unit of usage.
Single-family homes are usually owned by the user and is a variant of home ownership dar. rare they are let by the owner to another user.
Types
The most common type is the detached, followed by semi-detached and detached single-family home. Another form are yard or patio houses, for example, the courtyard houses modern carpet settlements and the old Roman atrium house.
A single family home can be designed as a single-storey bungalow or more storeys.
From a family home but is called even if a building complex is present and it houses two residential units, including a granny flat. It is immaterial whether the building has two separate entrances or main and separate apartment inside the building are interconnected. What matters is whether the second apartment ( granny flat ) is opposite the main residence of minor importance. This is the case if the granny flat comprises less than 80 % of the living area of the main dwelling.
Detached single-family homes are available in different size and design, for example, as a settlement house in a settlement, as a villa or cottage.
A special case holiday and weekend houses; they are often not taken into houses, at least when they are not permanently inhabited or not customary living standards suffice.
Today, the term family house social reality is not really fair, since even in single-family homes living beyond the family takes place, eg residential or communities.
History
The history of the family house is relatively young. Before the Industrial Revolution, the peasants or town house was the usual place of residence for the majority of the population. Here was living and working under one roof. In the household lived in the rule not only the nuclear family, but often employees of the company or other relatives ( " whole house" instead of nuclear family ).
Forerunner of today's single-family home are the Villenbauten of antiquity and the Renaissance. In line with this, first emerged in the 19th century with the emergence of the bourgeois nuclear family upper-class villas.
The origin of the family house derives now for one of these villa of the upper middle of the 19th century historicist or classical style elements and on the other by the influence of the Garden City movement of Ebenezer Howard Britons turn of the century from.
Their distribution has ( in private and closed flat separation of work and living / living as an intimate retreat / ideal of the bourgeois nuclear family with self-determined leisure) to do with the establishment of bourgeois life forms in non- middle-class milieu. The great boom of the single-family house construction took place in the 1960s. During this time, a large proportion of people could realize from the workers and employees milieu the dream of a family house, often with high intrinsic power fraction.
Architecture
Single-family homes often come from individual ideas of the client and users without individual and elaborate design of an architect or produced in whole series houses that were designed only once as a prototype or show home.
The family house is always a challenge for architects, especially today, where it has been criticized for various reasons of city planners and urban sociologists and over again ( see below). The theme of family house, including its predecessor, has a long tradition in the history of architecture.
Even in ancient times was in the form of a Roman villa near the family house next project is an important issue for architects. During the Renaissance, the theme for architects resurfaces - reinforced since the 19th century and in modern times, now more and more frequently in the sense of today's meaning of the word family.
The houses - as a relatively manageable building task - were often to view objects of the respective notion of architecture. Some stores, such as Rietveld Schröder House (1924, Gerrit Rietveld ), the Villa Savoye (1928, Le Corbusier ), the Villa Tugendhat (1930, Mies van der Rohe ), Fallingwater (1937, Frank Lloyd Wright) were architectural icons of the modernity. Often it was their own family house of the architect, which allowed them to implement their own ideas. For example, at residence Eames (1949, Charles Eames ), Vanna Venturi House (1964, Robert Venturi), Gehry House (1978, Frank O. Gehry ) or House R 128 (2000, Werner Sobek ). The material wood is more common: In Bavaria, 17 percent of the houses made of wood.
But these are Ausnahmebauten the architectural avant-garde. Their influence on the broad masses of built single-family homes is not quantifiable. Single-family houses in Central Europe are now built mainly in suburbs (English Suburbs ). The appearance is very different depending on the circumstances.
In Germany often is a development plan or a design statute certain design specifications, under which very different individual buildings are built from individual building owners to individual architectural ideas. This can create a very heterogeneous picture. The range of individuality extends from individual architect-designed house, which is tuned exactly to the wishes and needs of the client to the finished house from the catalog.
The alternative is holistically planned settlements, where all the houses have a common architectural language. In Germany this was as a garden city and workers' settlement until the 1960s, a widespread practice. The architectural extreme is to visit, for example, in the UK and Ireland today. From investors whole streets and settlements are built with identical houses and then sold. For individuality is hardly any room, the appearance ranges from homogeneous to drab.
Benefits
An important advantage in comparison to the ownership or rented accommodation is the greater self-determination in matters of building design and lifestyle, because faults are likely due to the spatial distance to the neighbor.
The most obvious manifestation of this advantage in free-standing single-family house for days. Compared to semi-detached and terraced houses, the owner has here the largest freedom for buildings and gardens. Only the provisions of the state building codes, and possibly the development plans specify certain conditions. Although detached houses consume more land than other types of settlement, however, a portion of which is used as a near-natural in compressed cultivations. These gardens serve the residents for recreation and offer animal and plant habitat.
Disadvantages
Due to the low-density development in one-or two-storey construction of the country consumes in comparison to the row and block development on the one hand and the more - or multi-storey construction on the other hand significantly. This is especially true for detached houses. With terraced housing the same density can be achieved as in apartment buildings the same number of floors. However, row houses with more than three levels are more difficult and therefore more likely to be used infrequently, while in apartment buildings, the floor number of the whole building has little influence on the usability of each apartment. Therefore, the multi-storey residential buildings with five or more storeys are even at least prevalent in large cities.
In contrast, a bungalow has the largest area consumption for the building itself to this is the need for the garden and the use of land for public sealed road land per unit is much higher than in high -density construction. In addition, the effort to develop technical infrastructure is higher.