Slate-throated Whitestart
Larvae Warbler ( Myioborus miniatus )
The larvae Warbler ( Myioborus miniatus ) is a small passerine bird in the genus Myioborus in the family of warblers ( Parulidae ). He is the most widespread species of the genus. The distribution extends from southwestern North America via Central America to South America. The IUCN lists them as " not at risk " (least concern).
Features
Larvae Warbler reach a body length of 13 to 13.5 centimeters and weigh around 9.5 grams. The wing length is 5.8 to 6.7 inches in the male, the female, 5.8 to 6.5 centimeters. Adult male larvae Warbler of the nominate a slate gray have head and top plumage. The crown spot is yellow-brown - reddish and the front face, the throat and the beak and legs blackish. The wings are blackish with slate-gray feather edges. Characteristic are the outer white tail feathers, as in all species of the genus Myioborus; the remaining tail-feathers are blackish. The black coverts with broad white tips act as a quergebändertes grid. The underside plumage is vermilion.
Adult females are similar to males. The subspecies hardly differ from each other except in the bottom plumage. So wearing the subspecies Myioborus m. hellmayri a salmon red -orange underside plumage, the subspecies Myioborus m. comptus an orange-yellow and the subspecies Myioborus m. ballux a yellow with an orange tinted breast plumage.
Juvenile of the nominate have a rußgraues head and top feathers and a striped cinnamon - brownish underside plumage.
Resources, nutrition and reproduction
Larvae Warbler are mostly resident birds and migrate only limited within the altitudes of the stations inhabited by them. The northern subspecies also migrate to the southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico. They live in Mexico and humid in the north of Central America, mountainous pine and pine-oak forests, cloud forests usually at altitudes of 1,500 to 3,000 meters. In Costa Rica they are to be found in submontane and montane forests at altitudes from 700 to 2000 meters, occasionally even up to an altitude of 3000 meters. In South America they occur in submontane and montane forests in the Andes and in the tepuis of Venezuela, Guyana and Brazil at elevations of 500 to 2500 meters. When meeting with the closely related Eyewear Warbler ( Myioborus melanocephalus ) show larvae Warbler aggressive behavior. They feed mainly on insects and other invertebrates.
Your built of moss, cup-shaped nest they lay in the lower areas of vegetation or on the ground as well as bagged steep banks. A clutch usually consists of two to three eggs. The breeding season varies according to location: in Costa Rica from April to May and in Colombia from December to July. About other breeding seasons there are no accurate studies. Just fledged young birds have been spotted in Chimborazo (Ecuador) in February in August in Mérida (Venezuela) and in December in Junín (Peru ). The incubation period is 13 to 15 days. Fledging the young birds after 12 to 14 days.
Subspecies and distribution
There are twelve recognized subspecies:
- Myioborus m. miniatus ( Swainson, 1827) - Highlands in Mexico ( Sonora, Chihuahua, San Luis Potosí, Guerrero, Oaxaca and Chiapas )
- Myioborus m. molochinus Wetmore, 1942 - Sierra de los Tuxtlas in southeastern Veracruz
- Myioborus m. intermedius ( Hartlaub, 1852) - Southern Mexico ( Oaxaca, Chiapas ) and northern Guatemala
- Myioborus m. verticalis ( d' Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) - Southern Ecuador, Bolivia and central to the tepuis of southern Venezuela, northern Brazil and northern Guyana
- Myioborus m. aurantiacus (SF Baird, 1865) - eastern Costa Rica and western Panama
- Myioborus m. ballux Wetmore & Phelps, 1944 - southeastern Panama, northern Colombia, western Venezuela to northern Ecuador
- Myioborus m. comptus Wetmore, 1944 - Western and Central Costa Rica
- Myioborus m. Dickey and van Rossem connectens, 1928 - El Salvador and Honduras
- Myioborus m. Van Rossem hellmayri, 1936 - Southern Guatemala to southwestern El Salvador
- Myioborus m. pallidiventris ( Chapman, 1899) - Northern Venezuela
- Myioborus m. sanctaemartae Room, 1949 - Northern Colombia
- Myioborus m. subsimilis Room, 1949 - southwestern Ecuador and northwestern Peru