Slow motion

The slow motion (also under the anglicism Slow Motion, Eng. , Slow movement ' or as an acronym Slomo known ) is a method used in the film technology and computer simulation, which represents movements slowed. The principle underlying it goes to an invention August Musgers back from 1904. The first device for the production of slow-motion shots based on Musgers invention and was presented in 1916 by the Dresden company Ernemann the public.

On television slow-motion images of the sport are often referred to as a study, even if the inclusion of illustration, and not the analysis serves.

History

On September 3, 1904 August Musger filed the patent for the design plans for his " series apparatus with mirror wheel " who could make slow motion shots, one with the Austrian Patent Office. By 1907, he finally was able to produce even a prototype of the invention with reference to these plans. 1912 had to give up its patent due to insufficient financial resources Musger.

1914, however, the firm Ernemann before a slow motion machine of the public, although based on the invention Musgers, but this nowhere mentioned. The "inventor" of the device at the company Ernemann, Hans Lehmann, stand with Musger for years in correspondence and mentioned to this in a letter of 14 April 1916 that his " Zeitmikroscop " was based on Musgers invention: "I would very pleased to be able to show the progress, are what your invention is based. Maybe you have an opportunity to come again to Dresden and see me in the Ernemann works, or maybe I have the opportunity, my presentation on the new apparatus could call what you " Zeitmikroscop " (because it increases the time in which rapid motions take place, which the eye can not follow in the natural rate ) and to repeat the demonstration of my film in Graz or Vienna. "

Operation

In the film a slow motion is realized by increasing the frame rate when shooting and the resulting film at normal speed again gives ( cranking ).

For extreme slow motion special cameras are used. In this artistic film are particularly MOS cameras, for technical purposes, see Using high-speed cameras.

When no starting material is an increased frame rate available, even later so-called intermediate images can be generated, which will replace the missing images. In the simplest case, existing images can be easily doubled. Better function between images, which consist of a blend of the two adjacent images. For natural-looking movements there are computer programs that detect objects in the image and interpolate its position. All these techniques can not compete with the quality actually recorded frames.

Slow motion is used in documentation films to represent rapid or complicated processes graphically. The method is also often used to create special effects or aesthetic images. The slow motion is very often used in sports shooting, for example, in football or in Formula 1

The opposite of slow motion is the motion that is achieved on the opposite way, namely by slowing down the frame rate when recording movies, for example, to 1 frame per second, and plays back the recording at normal speed ( eg 24 frames per second in the cinema ).

SpeedChange called a manipulation of the playback frequency, with the help of accelerated motion sequences during playback or slow down, so for example, a slow motion over normal speed switch to lapse.

Using digital technology, these effects can be generated without much effort on the computer, which explains their increased use in all film genres since the 1990s.